Term
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Definition
| previously formed axon bundles, cues in the *local* environment (e.g. direction/polarity)[image] |
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Term
| What happens if an axon with a growth cone is cut? |
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Definition
| It's autonomous: it still finds its way to its location |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks growth cone motility; axons lose their way |
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Term
| interaction of long range and short range signals |
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Definition
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Term
| flow of information from environment to growth cone behavior |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specific adhesion molecule marking previously formed axonal fascicles[image] |
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Term
| specific pathways of axon migration marked by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| adhesion molecues are released by ___ and regulate ___ |
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Definition
| axons; sorting of axons to specific targets |
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Term
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Definition
| adhesive molecule with grid pattern, appropriate growth cones travel along grid lines |
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Term
| trigeminal sensory axon trowth |
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Definition
| axons go straight to maxillary (whisker) pad due to attack from pad's attractive molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| attracts DRG growth cones |
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Term
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Definition
| attracts retinal axonal growth cones |
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Term
| when growth cones are placed near unrelated tissue |
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Definition
| unrelated tissue releases repellant molecules to deter the growth cone |
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Term
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Definition
| repellant in areas peripheral axons avoid, keep from developing too many extraneous processes |
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Term
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Definition
| repellant of retinal growth cone |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed by limb tissues, keeps axons laterally on track through the limb[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
motor neurons of:
- dorsal limb muscle
- ventral limb muscle
- axial muscle
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Term
| motor axon guidance to ventral vs. dorsal limb |
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Definition
motor neurons express EphA/B receptors
limb mesenchyme expresses ephrinA/B ligand[image] |
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Term
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Definition
attracts and repels to guide target innervation, derived from muscle
netrin receptor
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
fly midline cells' attractant and repellant
netrin guides axons to floor plate |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor for slit, a repellant in the midline |
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Term
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Definition
in growth cones that never cross the midline, or in growth cones that did cross but only after they crossed
comm blocks robo until after crossing midline
[image] |
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Term
| vertebrate robo/slit functioning (no comm) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| guides axons that have crossed midline to proceed towards the brain (turn) |
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Term
| microtubule directionality |
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Definition
normally straight
filopodia etc extend in all directions
when they find an attractive site, microtubules quickly turn towards it |
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Term
| guidance cue steps to regulate growth cone behavior |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| growth cone adhesion molecules on substrate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cadherin-actin linkage helper |
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Term
| clutch hypothesis of growth cone migration |
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Definition
- leading edge: F-actin pushes out filopodia/lamellipodia
- myosin II pulls actin back; disassembled
- IF adhesion is made THEN clutch engaged --> links actin to adhesion site
- THEN motor proteins bring MTs, membrane, etc to facilitate extending protrusion
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Term
| actin organization factors |
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Definition
- localization
- relative concentration
- activity levels of actin regulatory proteins
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Term
| Rac/RhoA activation in growth cone |
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Definition
| induce polymerization of actin (axon growth)/growth cone collapse (axon retraction) |
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Term
| how to switch netrin attraction to repulsion |
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Definition
| block cAMP effector PKA (inhibit PKA) |
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Term
| how to switch semaphorin 3A repulsion to attraction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- growth cone regulatory factor
- cytoplasm protein switched on and off
- can induce growth cone turning
- regulates endo/exocytosis, which also plays a part in growth cone turning
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus sends bound mRNA to growth cone, which has proteins that isolate and translate it |
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Term
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Definition
| can induce translation of local mRNA inthe growth cone that wasn't being translated before, inserts EphA receptors for ephrin ligands[image] |
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