Mother of aviation 

*Sweep back wing

*Pod Mounted Engines

*Extremely clean aerodynamic design

Engineered Materials Arrestor System -

Bed of light weight crushable concrete

*allows airport to pass safety inspection without 1000ft RSA

1. Airworthiness Authorities - establish rules and regulations, approve design, and promote airline maintenance performance.
2. Airplane Operators - operate, inspect, and maintain the airplanes
3. The Manufacturers - Design, Build and support the airplanes in service 

Ice and Precipitation Effect on Aircraft

1) Increased Weight

2) Decresaed Lift

3) Increased stopping distance 

Ice and Precipitation Protection Systems 

1. Ice detection system that automatically activates or alerts pilots to turn on the IPS 
2. Definition of visual signs of build up on a specified surface combined with an advisory system to alert the pilots to activate the ICP 
3. Identification of temperature and moisture conditions conductive to airframe icing that would alert pilots to activate the ICP 

1. Engine-Indicating and Crew-alerting system (EICAS) -

 A digital computer system which monitors and indicates propulsion and airplane subsystem information for the operation and maintenance of the airplane 

1.  Heads-Up Display (HUD’s)- 

allows pilots to view critical flight data on a transparent displays looking forward through the windscreen.

1. Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) -

 A communication datalink system that sends messages between airplane and airline ground base (Txt messaging for A/c) 

1. Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) - 

Thermal Cameras looking forward and under the aircraft to show real world visual image to the cockpit and crew allowing the pilot to “see” in very low visibility. 

Runway Incursion 

Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of an aircraft 

1. Airport surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE-X) 

a runway-safety tool that enables air traffic controllers to detect potential runway conflicts by providing  coverage of movement on runways and taxiways. ASDE-X is able to track vehicles and aircraft on airport surfaces and obtain identification information from aircraft transponder.

1. Runway Surface Lights (RWSL) - 

red lights embedded in the pavement to signal potentially unsafe situations 

1. Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS) - 

Visual alert of runway status to pilots in flight automatically flashing the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights whenever a runway is occupied

1. Slipping and Falling
2. Wet Bathroom floors
3. Falling on moving walk ways and stairs 

1. Hearing - Ear Muffs
2. Fire from refueling
3. Contact with moving parts
4. Contact with Haz-Mat (fuel)

1. Electrical - is it grounded?
2. Fuel Spills 

1. Pilot Deviations- Made by pilots that go against ATC of FAA Regs
2. Operational Errors - Made by ATC, giving wrong directions or misplacing aircrafts

The Risk

Have to assess the serverity and the likelyhood that the incident will occur

Hazard - a condition, object or activity w/ the potential of causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of materials or deduction of ability to perform prescribed function

Risk - the degree of probability of loss

What is ALARP

Why is it important

As Low As Reasonably Possible

*Midigate the risk

Have to use Safety Assurance to make sure it works

1. Want to keep bringing the risk assessment lower and lower into the green
2. Risk likelihood vs. Risk Severity

1. Performance Monitoring & Measurement
2. Management of Change - Always new hazards to consider
3. Continuous Improvement - Getting better through the SMS Process

Safety Promotion - 

Promotion of Safety leads to the other pillars and ensures they are beign accomplished properly

What are some common technologies to control runway incursions

1.Airport movement area safety system(AMASS)

2.Runway status lights(RWSL)

3.Final approach rwy occupancy signal (FAROS)

4.Airport surface detection equipment model x (ASDE-X)

Were the recommendations of   successful? What was the law passed?

Yes, Intelligence reforms terrorism prevention act of 2004 (IRTPA)

4 pillars of sms

-Safety policy and objectives

-Safety risk management

-Safety assurance.

-Safety promotion

What is asap and why is honesty important.

-Aviation safety action program

-Voluntary program

-“confession and forgiveness of sins”

-safety issues are resolved through corrective action rather and punishment.

Honesy is important so mistakes and errors can be fixed by airlines

and organizations.

What is the flight safety foundation?

-independent group

-“safety conscience” for the industry.

-no enforcement or authority

Differences between safety and security.

-intentional act such as 9/11

Safety-unintentional act refers to measures taken against a threat of

an accident where as security refers to protection from threats

motivated by hostility.

The 5 offices that make up the NCTC?

-CIA-central intelligence agency

-DIA-defense intelligence agency

-NSA-national security agency

-NRO-national reconnaissance office.

-FBI

Who should be on SMS teams.

-pilots

-maintenance

-manufactures

-controllers

What is gap analysis

-analyze existing programs, systems, and activities with respect to

the SMS functional expectations found in the SMS framework.

10.Why is an organizations culture critical to sms

-if it is not a receptive learning culture it wont take.

What is the purpose of the NCTC?

-24/7 assess terrorist threats/risks.

-send it off to be processed by the CIA and FBI

-serves as a single head for the intel community.

Have runway incursions been eliminated? Will the ever? Why?

-No, NO lack of situational awareness in pilots.

What are the gaps in gap analysis and how do you find them

-gaps-elements in the sms framework that are not already being

performed by the aviation service provider.

What does the term accountable executive mean in a sms context?

-ceo of an airline

-has hiring/firing authority

-critical in sms context safety doesn’t come form the top it wont work

and be implemented.

1. Fixed intelligence problem
2. Creation of NcTc
3. Congressional action to improve oversight of homeland security
4. clarified roles, missions, and authority between DoD and DHA officials among other agencies 
5. Effective sharing of information across Us Govt agencies