Term
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Definition
Frost
Carburetor Ice
Rime Ice
Clear Ice
Mixed Ice |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulates on the airframe when the aircraft sits outside overnight and moisture is present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms in carb venturi at temperatures up to 70 degrees F |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms in clouds with warm water droplets rising |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Removes accumulated ice from airframe or propeller |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents accumulation of ice on airframe or propeller |
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Term
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Definition
-Visual ice detection- flight crew visually checks aircraft for the accumulation of ice.
-Electronic Ice detection- uses an electronic circuit to detect ice. |
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Term
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Definition
-Pneumatic- mechanical deicing system.
-Vane type vacuum pump driven by the engine.
-Consists of inflatable rubber boots -attached to ice prone areas.
-Inflated by a vacuum pump- pressure side inflates and vacuum side deflates.
-Inflation and deflation is controlled by a distribution valve.
-Distribution valve sequences alternate inflation of boots. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Hot air is ducted through leading edges and engine cowlings.
-Ducting is a perforated tube called a Piccolo or Spray.
-Heat source for recips- combustion heaters or augmenters.
-Heat source for turbine engines- engine bleed air. |
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Term
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Definition
-Pitot mast and stall warning indicator must be kept ice free
-Normally they use electrical heating elements.
-Hot when operating, be careful they will burn your hands. |
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Term
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Definition
-Used to provide clear view when taxing, landing and takeoff.
-Not normally used during flight at altitude.
-Can be operated electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
-Each wiper is a separate system independent of the other. |
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Term
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Definition
Windshield wipers spread a rain repellant on the windshield.
Surface tension of the water forms small globules that are carried away by the windstream.
Do not use on a dry windshield. |
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Term
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Definition
-Used on turbine powered aircraft.
-Uses bleed air to from a boundary layer over the windshield.
-Rain is carried away before it strikes the windshield.
-Any rain present when the system is turned on will be blown away. |
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Term
| Trichresyl Phosphate (TCP) |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Combustion Heaters regulate heat? |
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Definition
| By cycling the fuel supply on and off |
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Term
| A gravity feed fuel system should provide ______% of the _______ fuel consumption |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 ways to remove, or prevent ice formation on a wing? |
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Definition
De-ice boots
Thermal
Chemical
Hot engine bleed air |
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Term
| What are 3 methods to remove rain from an aircraft windshield? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 types of fuel tanks typically used in aircraft? |
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Definition
Rigid/Removable
Integral
Bladder |
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Term
| What 3 instruments would you find installed in the pressurization control panel? |
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Definition
Cabin Alt
Cabin rate of climb
Differential pressure gauge
Cabin pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 different sources of air used for pressurizing aircraft? |
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Definition
Recips
- Supercharger
- Turbocharger
- Engine driven compressor
Turbine
- Bleed air |
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Term
| Types of fire Detection devices |
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Definition
Thermal or spot detector
Thermocouple
Continuous loop
Smoke or Toxic Gas Detector |
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Term
| Thermal or Spot Detector System |
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Definition
-Works by the expansion of the outer case to allow the two contacts to make contact
-Connected in parallel (Fenwal) |
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Term
| Thermocouple or Rate-of-Rise Detector System |
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Definition
| -Creates small current when heated |
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Term
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Definition
-When sufficient heat is applied, the resistance drops in the insulator, and current flows
-When the fire is extinguished, temperature drops, resistance increases, current flow stops. |
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Term
| Smoke & Toxic Gas Detectors locations |
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Definition
Enclosed compartments
- lavs
- baggage
- cargo
- cockpit
- cabin |
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Term
Smoke detectors
(Types by operation) |
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Definition
- light detection
- light refraction
- ionization
- change in resistance |
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Term
| Light Detection Smoke detectors |
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Definition
Photoelectric cell
Placed next to unit
Light from fire causes change in cell resistance |
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Term
| Light Refraction Smoke detectors |
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Definition
Light beam
Detection chamber
Normal air flow
Introduction of smoke causes a change in resistance of photo cell |
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Term
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Definition
Electronic sensor
Electronic reference sensor
Bridge circuit
Unbalanced bridge
Alarms |
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Term
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Definition
Fire Extinguisher-
Fire Suppression Systems-
Portable Fire Extinguishers- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fire Extinguishing Agents |
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Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Freon)
Methyl Bromide (Halon 1001)
Chlorobromomethane (Halon 1011
Dibromodifluromethane (Halon 1201)
Carbon tetrachloride (Halon 104)
Bromochlordifluoromethane (Halon 1211)
Bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 13011) |
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Term
| Types of Fire Extinguishing System |
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Definition
Conventional
High Rate Discharge ( HRD ) |
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Term
| Hand Held Extinguishers Agents |
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Definition
Water
Dry chemical
Halon 1301 |
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Term
| Why are some aircraft pressurized? |
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Definition
-Higher altitudes allow aircraft to fly above turbulent weather.
-Fuel efficiency improves at high altitudes.
-Pressurization allows cabin to be at 8,000 ft. or less.
-Crew does not have to wear supplemental oxygen
-Cabin pressurization changes are independent of aircraft rate of climb or decent. |
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Term
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Definition
-The difference between the cabin pressure and the outside pressure.
-The higher the max differential allowed, the stronger the aircraft structure must be. |
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Term
| Pressurization System Components |
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Definition
Heat exchangers
Outflow valve
Safety valve
Negative pressure relief valve
Dump valve |
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Term
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Definition
| cool pressurizing air from the pressure source |
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Term
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Definition
-primary means of controlling cabin pressure
-Controlled by the cabin altitude controller.
-Releases all pressure in excess of the amount required to maintain selected cabin altitude.
-Contains the altitude limiter and positive pressure relief valve. |
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Term
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Definition
-opens and relieves cabin pressure when a preset limit is reached.
-It functions automatically and does not require a controller.
-Usually set to open about 0.5 psi higher than the max pressure of the outflow valve. |
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Term
| Negative pressure relief valve |
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Definition
| prevents cabin pressure being lower than ambient pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| releases all cabin pressure when aircraft lands. Usually controlled by a landing gear switch. |
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Term
| Pressurization System Operation |
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Definition
-Pressurization is accomplished by controlling the amount of air leaving the cabin.
-Outflow valve only controls the amount of air that is required to maintain cabin altitude. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire detection and extinguishing |
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Term
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Definition
-Keeps cabin altitude from exceeding approximately 13,000 ft.
-It’s operation can be overridden by the positive pressure relief valve. |
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Term
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Definition
-Prevents cabin pressure from exceeding structural limits.
-Pressure relief is preset and operation is automatic.
-Operation is independent of the cabin pressure controller. |
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Term
| Cabin Pressure Controller |
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Definition
-Used by the flight crew to select the cabin altitude.
-Cabin altitude controls the operation of the controller.
-Controls the rate of change of the cabin altitude
-Provides reference pressure to the actuating chamber of the outflow valve.
-Requires pressure inputs from the cabin and a vacuum source. |
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Term
| Cabin Pressure Controller Ranges |
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Definition
Isobaric- controlled by cabin altitude selector.
---Maintains cabin altitude between -1000 ft. to 10,000 ft.
Differential- cabin pressure is maintained at 8.6 psi regardless of isobaric setting. |
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Term
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Definition
-Required for extended flights above 10,000 ft in unpressurized aircraft.
-Required for emergency in pressurized aircraft. |
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Term
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Definition
| physical condition caused by lack of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent physical damage from lack of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
-Stored gas.
-Chemical or solid state.
-Liquid oxygen(LOX)- military only
-All civilian systems may be portable or fixed. |
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Term
| Types of Oxygen Regulators |
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Definition
-Continuous flow
-Demand
-Diluter Demand
-Pressure Demand |
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Term
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Definition
| the regulator provides a continuous flow of oxygen is to the mask valve |
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Term
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Definition
| the regulator provides oxygen when inhaling. |
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Term
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Definition
| dilutes pure oxygen with cabin air |
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Term
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Definition
| provides oxygen under pressure when inhaling. Normally used above 40,000 ft. |
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Term
|
Definition
-High Pressure- Max 2000 psi, normal 1800 to 1850 psi.
-Low Pressure- Max 450 psi, normal 425 psi |
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Term
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Definition
-Green Color- Marked Aviators Breathing Oxygen.
-High strength, heat treated, steel alloy.
-Wire wrapped metal cylinder ( old stuff ).
-Kevlar wrapped aluminum cylinder. |
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Term
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Definition
-Yellow color.
-Low alloy steel.
-Stainless steel with steel bands. |
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Term
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Definition
-Require little or no maintenance.
-Replace expanded generators.
-Reset firing mechanisms.
-Expanded generators identified by heat sensitive paint. (goes from white to black)
-No thermal expansion discs to check. |
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Term
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Definition
-Check Cylinders for D.O.T. designation number.
-Check hydro date.
-Standard Cylinder hydro check each 5 years.
-Lightweight cylinders hydro check each 3 years
-Check cylinders for nicks, dents and corroded fittings.
-Leak check required for component R&R. |
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Term
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Definition
-Standard weight- no life limit. Use until bad hydro check.
-Lightweight- 24 years lifetime or 4380 cycles.
-Composite- rated for 1850 psi, 15 year lifetime or 10,000 cycles.
-Each filling of the oxygen system requires a log book entry. |
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Term
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Definition
-Gravity Feed System
-Pump Fuel Systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Fuel pressure is provided by the weight of the fuel, and the fuel supply being located above the engine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fuel pressure is supplied through the use of a boost pump. Used mainly on low winged and fuel injected aircraft. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metal or composite tank Used in older light weight aircraft that have metal or fabric wings or on homebuilt aircraft. Installed in a compartment designed to hold the tank |
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Term
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Definition
| Metal or composite tank Used in older light weight aircraft that have metal or fabric wings or on homebuilt aircraft. Installed in a compartment designed to hold the tank |
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Term
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Definition
| Is part of the basic structure of the aircraft. Commonly referred to as a “wet wing” fuel system. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Positive Displacement Pump (Vane or Gear)
-Variable Displacement Pump
-Boost pump
-Ejector Pump |
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Term
|
Definition
| Located at the lowest point in the fuel system. Located between the fuel tank outlet and the inlet of either the fuel metering device or engine driven positive displacement pump, whichever is nearest the tank outlet |
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Term
| Fuel Quantity Indicator (Sender or Transmitter) |
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Definition
| Indicate the amount of fuel remaining on the aircraft. Used to judge length of fuel remaining on board to determine the length of flight |
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Term
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Definition
A float inside the tank is mechanically linked to the indicator needle of the gage.
Can also be a simple sight glass on the tank. |
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Term
| Resistance Type Indicator |
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Definition
| A float operated transmitter sends electrical signals to the indicating gauge. |
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Term
| Capacitance Type Indicators |
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Definition
| Uses an electronic circuit to measure the changes of the dielectric properties of the fuel |
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Term
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Definition
-Indication of proper fuel pressure that is being supplied to the fuel metering device
--Float type carburetor- 3-6 psi
--Pressure type carburetor-15-20 psi |
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Term
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Definition
| Located between the engine driven fuel pump and the fuel metering device. Used to indicate the amount or rate of fuel flowing to the engine. Actually measure fuel pressure, and convert this pressure to rate of fuel flow. |
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Term
|
Definition
Heating
Air conditioning
Pressurization
Oxygen systems
Surface ice control |
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Term
|
Definition
-Simple exhaust system. ( Heat exchangers)
-Combustion heaters. ( Reciprocating aircraft)
-Compressor bleed air.( Turbine aircraft) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Uses a heat muff around the exhaust stacks.
-Ram air flows over the stacks and is ducted into the cockpit.
-Basic heat exchanger. |
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Term
| Electrical Heating System |
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Definition
-Typically found on small turbo prop.
-Used to heat cabin when engines are not running.
-Draws air over electrically heated coils.
-Safety switch senses air moving through heater.
-Turns off heater if overheat condition is sensed. |
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Term
| Combustion Heating Systems. |
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Definition
-Burn aircraft fuel in a combustion chamber
-Require combustion air, ventilating air, fuel and ignition.
-Air flow over the combustion chamber heats the cabin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hot compressed air is bleed from gas turbine engine compressor. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Uses Freon refrigerant
-Compressor
-Condenser
-Receiver/Dryer
-Thermal Heat Valve
-Evaporator |
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Term
|
Definition
Uses air as the refrigerant.
-Turbine
-Compressor
-Heat exchanger (Primary/Secondary)
-Water separator
-Anti-Ice valve |
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Term
|
Definition
-Essentially a reservoir that contains the filter and desiccant.
-Filter removes contaminants and the desiccant removes the moisture. |
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Term
|
Definition
Fuel flow to engine must be sufficient to allow it to operate at full power.
-Gravity Feed System- 150% of T/O fuel consumption.
-Pressure systems- 125% of T/O
-Transport Category- 100% at each intended operating load and condition. |
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Term
| Tank Construction Materials |
|
Definition
-Aluminum
-Rubber
-Stainless Steel.
-Composite |
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Term
|
Definition
-Installed inside tanks to reduce sloshing and prevent engine surging.
-Attached to tank structure and provided with holes to allow the free flow of fuel. |
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Term
| Aviation Fuel Characteristics |
|
Definition
-Volatility
-Octane Rating |
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Term
|
Definition
| The characteristic of a liquid that relates to its ability to vaporize, or change into a gas |
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Term
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Definition
A system used to rate the ability of a reciprocating engine fuel to resist detonation.
(Higher the octane the more resistant to detonation) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Detonation occurs when the pressure and temperature inside the cylinder become higher than the critical pressure and temperature of the fuel |
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Term
|
Definition
| The anti-detonation rating of a fuel which has a higher critical pressure and temperature than iso-octane (a rating of 100) |
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Term
| Aviation Fuel Color Coding |
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Definition
-80- Red
-82UL - Purple
-100-Green
-100LL- Blue |
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Term
|
Definition
| All turbine fuels are colorless or have a light straw color |
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Term
|
Definition
-Kerosene-Type (Jet-A,JP-8) (Freezing point -40˚ to -58˚)
-Naphtha-Type (Jet-B, JP-4) (Freezing point -76˚) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Water
-Microbial Growth
-Mixing of Fuels |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Prevention of Ice and Microbial Growth |
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