Term
| Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves |
|
Definition
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Sacral 3rd & 4th |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ciliary, submandibular, otic, pterygopalatine and pelvic ganglia |
|
|
Term
| All preganglionic fibers release what transmitter? |
|
Definition
| ACh N (acetycholine nicotinic) |
|
|
Term
| Somatic fibers release what transmitter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All POSTganglionic PARASYMPATHETIC fibers are? |
|
Definition
| ACh M (acetylcholine muscarinic) |
|
|
Term
| Almost all POSTganglionic SYMPATHETIC fibers are |
|
Definition
| NE [ADRENERGIC (norepinephrine)] |
|
|
Term
| A few POSTganglionic SYMPATHETIC fibers (i.e.sweat glands) are |
|
Definition
ACh M
CHOLINERGIC (muscarinic; |
|
|
Term
| The ADRENAL MEDULLA secretes what when stimulated? What transmitter stimulates the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
secretes EPI & NE - Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
ACh N |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Activated in response to stress--diffuse discharge, tends to discharge as a unit
“fight or flight”--an over-simplification
Can also discharge more discretely to perform certain functions (I.e. baroreceptor reflex) |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Vegetative
“rest and digest” |
|
|
Term
Eye sympathetic:
Pupillary Radial m. (iris) |
|
Definition
| pupil radial m. contract (mydriasis, alpha1) --> excess pupil dilation |
|
|
Term
Eye :
Pupillary Sphincter m. (iris)
Ciliary m. |
|
Definition
pupil sphincter m. contract (parasympathetic) --> miosis (constricted pupil - small pupil)
ciliary m. contracts (near vision; parasympathetic) |
|
|
Term
| Organ where SNS & PNS are antagonistic |
|
Definition
| pupillary aperture (SNS stimulates the radial m. for dilation, the PNS stimulates the sphincter m. for miosis) |
|
|
Term
| Organ/biological event where PNS & SNS are complementary |
|
Definition
| male sexual response (symp. - ejaculation; parasymp. - erection) |
|
|
Term
| Instance when SNS discharges more discretely and not as a unit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Step in synthetic pathway blocked by reserpine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
enzyme of RLS or RDS in EPI synthetic pathway
what drug inhibits this RLS? |
|
Definition
tyrosine hydroxylase
Metyrosin - used to tx pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
Interferes with excitation-release coupling to inhibit NE release in peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals.
Can also interfere with vesicular storage and act as a false transmitter.
Use: to tx hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Prevents invasion of APs into nerve terminals—interferes with normal excitation-release coupling.
Used for treatment of arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interference with synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interference with release of neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interference with vesicular storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Promote release of neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interference with reuptake 1 |
|
Definition
| cocaine, fluoxetine (tricyclic antidepressants) |
|
|
Term
| Interference with metabolic breakdown; increase catecholamine levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreased responsiveness during prolonged exposure to drug, frequently indirect-acting agonists. Occurs rapidly. May be related to the pool of neurotransmitter available for release by the drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Desensitization: loss of receptor function following agonist activation
Tolerance: decreased effectiveness of a drug after repeated or prolonged exposure |
|
|
Term
upregulation
downregulation |
|
Definition
up-reg: increase in number of receptors
down=reg: decrease in number of receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D1: important for dilation of renal vasculature
D2: modulates release of neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO): in brain, liver, kidney
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): in liver and non-neuronal tissues. |
|
|
Term
| methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) |
|
Definition
| An estimate of catecholamine (CAs) turnover can be obtained from laboratory analysis of CAs and total metabolites in a 24 hour blood or urine specimen; useful for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
| Corresponding end-product of degradation of DA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
catecholamine (sympathetic)
rapid (high dose) IV infusion vs. slow (low dose) IV infusion |
|
Definition
EPI, NE
rapid/high - direct increase B1 HR & a1 BP increase; vagal reflex BP drop
slow/low - no vagal reflex |
|
|
Term
positive chronotropic effect
positive dromotropic effect
positive inotropic effect |
|
Definition
Pacemaker activity—both normal (sinoatrial node) and abnormal (eg, Purkinje fibers)—is increased (positive chronotropic effect: increase in HR).
Conduction velocity in the atrioventricular node is increased (positive dromotropic effect), and the refractory period is decreased.
Intrinsic contractility is increased (positive inotropic effect: increased force of contraction), and relaxation is accelerated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EPI with alpha blocker like Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine, Tolazoline
Prazosin
unopposed b2 vasodilation BP falls due to decreased TPR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
postsynaptic; excitatory, effector organs postsynaptic, mediate vasoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction
Arterioles--skin, viscera, kidneys
Veins
Uterus, spleen, iris
Liver--increase gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Presynaptic: autoreceptors
Postsynaptic: in CNS, decreases sympathetic outflow
Increase platelet aggregation (blood) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myocardium, excitatory.
Also in JG cells in kidneys (increase renin
release) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skeletal muscle arterioles
Veins
Bronchial and uterine smooth muscle
Metabolic processes (gluconeogenesis, glyogenolysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adipose tissue
Increase FFA production |
|
|
