Term
|
Definition
(aka Viagra)
1. phosphodiesterase type 5, inhibitor
enhance effect of N.O.
2. ED; also FDA for Pulm HTN!
3. a phosphoDE type 6 in eye has some reactivity to drug = potential vision alteration! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. alpha1 antagonist, more selective to urinary flow
2. urinary retention, BPH |
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Term
|
Definition
1. competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (tyrosine to DOPA)
2. pheochromocytoma
3. Sedation/depression, crystalluria, GI upset |
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Term
|
Definition
1. centrally acting α2 agonist; Also aids platlet aggregation and decr insulin secretion
2. HTN in pregnancy & RENAL Dz
(3. Hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
1. irriversibly blocks VMAT /depletes endogenous catecholamine
2. HTN (rarely nowadays)
3. SEVERE DEPRESSION, CNS effects, sedation. DONT give to suicidal pts |
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Term
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Definition
1. Uncoupler of Stim/Secretion: uptaken by NET thus blocking it, displaces and slowly depletes endogenous NE, inhibits vesicular fusion with membrane
2.HTN - no longer used |
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Term
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Definition
1. inhibition of NET (uptake 1) & Na-Ch blocker
2. surgical topical anesthetic for nasal muscosa or lacrimal ducts
3. Sympathetic hyperactivity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. potent indirect sympathomimetic, releases stored catecholamines
2. Narcolepsy, ADHD, appetite suppressant & weight loss, alertness, mood
3. depression, palpitation, vasomotor disturbance, agitation, confusion; rapid tolerance; ARRHYTHMIA, ANGINA, STROKE... |
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Term
|
Definition
1. potent indirect sympathomimetic of especially CNS
2. appetite suppressant
3. similar adverse effects as ephedrine |
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Term
|
Definition
1. indirect general sympathomimetic, releases stored catecholamines
2. decongestant, urinary incontinence, hypotension
3. ↑BP and stroke; arrythmias, MI, CNS stim, seizures
4. Do NOT take with MAOI |
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Term
| Pseudoephedrine (SUDAFED) |
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Definition
| 1. mostly indirect sympathomimetic to alpha receptors(some direct alpha and beta stimulation, some CNS effects)
2. decongestant, weight loss, appetite suppressant
3. ↑BP and stroke; arrythmias, MI, CNS stim, seizures
4. Do NOT take with MAOI |
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Term
| Methylphenidate (RITALIN) |
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Definition
1. ephedrine-like indirect sympathomimetic, CNS stimulant; displaces NE from vesicle
2. ADHD
3. Unclear |
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Term
|
Definition
1. indirect sympathomimetic; metabolized in GI/liver by MAO, with MAOI accumulates in vesicles, changed to octopamine and stored
3. wine and cheese syndrome (hypertensive crisis) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. COMT inhibitor
2. adjunct therapy for Parkinsons |
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Term
iproniazid;
(also tranylcypromine, phenelzine) |
|
Definition
1. MAO inhibitor
2. an antidepressant |
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Term
| metaproterenol, albuterol, salmeterol |
|
Definition
1. selective β2 agonists
2. Asthma; albuterol & metaproterenol for acute attacks; salmeterol for long-term tx
3. excessive cardiac stim, tremor |
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Term
|
Definition
1. α2 receptor agonist in CNS; get ↓SNS to HR and vessels; Also aids platlet aggregation and ↓ insulin secretion
2. HTN in pregnancy & RENAL Dz
(3. dry mouth, sedation; WITHDRAWL) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. β1 receptor agonist, some β2 = more INOTROPIC
2. cardiac failure, Cardiac stress test!
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Term
|
Definition
1. β2 agonist
2. premature labor, to reduce uterine cntrx
3. tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Agonist at D1/D2 kidney receptors > α/β receptors
2. SHOCK to ↑renal perfusion, some CHF
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Term
|
Definition
1. agonist (non-selective) to all alpha and beta receptors 2. anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest; glaucoma, asthma, hypotension
3. excessive cardiac stimulation |
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Term
|
Definition
1. stimulates all beta receptors (NOT alpha)
2. AV block (rare)
3. excessive cardiac stimulation |
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Term
|
Definition
1. stimulate alpha and beta-1 receptors (NOT beta2)
2. Shock (but would ↓renal perfusion) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. alpha1-receptor agonist to constrict vascular smooth muscle
2. topically for nasal congestion or opthalmic hyperemia, and shock (IV)
3. bradycardia (the relex ↓HR) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. stimulates β2 receptors, longer onset, but longer duration
2. long-term Asthma (but not rescue tx), premature labor
3. excessive cardiac stim, tremor |
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Term
|
Definition
1. β1 antagonist
2. HTN, angina, arrhythmias, ischemic heart, CHF
3. bronchocontrictions, bradycardia, hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. non selective β-blocker; ↓CO/HR = ↓O2 demand
also blocks β at JGA = ↓RAAS
2. HTN, angina, MI to DECR MORTALITY!, CHF
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Term
|
Definition
1. Ultra Short acting β-blocker
2. limit catecholamine-mediated cardiac stimulation in surgery; SVTs
3. succeptible to enzymatic hydrolysis in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
1. nonselective β blocker
2. HTN in pregnancy
3. postural hypotension, broncho-constriction |
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Term
|
Definition
1. "cardio-selective" β1 blocker
2. HTN, angina, arrhythmias, ischemic heart, CHF (better for asthmatics) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. irreversible non-selective α-blocker
2. pheochromocytoma
3. excessive cardiac stim |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Competitive, non-selective α-blocker
2. pheochromocytoma
3. excessive cardiac stim |
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Term
|
Definition
1. partial agonist at ALL β receptors
2. HTN, angina, arrhythmias, ischemic heart, CHF
3. bronchocontrictions, bradycardia, hypoglycemia (all to a lesser extent that β-antagonists) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. α1-competitive antagonist
2. HTN, CHF, BPH
3. "first dose" phenomenon, hypotention and impotence |
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Term
|
Definition
1. competitive antagonist to all β receptors, membrane stabilizing activity, (and ↓phase 4 depolarization)
2. HTN, angina, arrhythmias, ischemic heart
Prevent sudden death post MI
3. cardiac depression, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, sedation, nightmares, insomnia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. α1-competitive antagonist
2. HTN, CHF, BPH
3. "first dose" phenomenon, hypotention and impotence |
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Term
|
Definition
1. non-selective β-blocker, decreases aqueous humor production
2. Glaucoma
3. can be absorbed to systemic (heart, airways) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. muscarinic - antagonist;
2. treat muscarinic hyperactivity such as in nerve gas or insecticide poisoning; Parkinson's
3. 1st-dry mouth and kids hyperthermia, then glaucoma worsens, then CV system, then resp & bladder, GI, last CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
1. cholinesterase (reversible) inhibitor, very lipid soluble = enters CNS
2. Alzheimer's, to delay/tx symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
1. AchE-i; irreversible substrate inhibitor (organophosphate); forms stable essentially irreversible complex
2. historically for glaucoma |
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Term
|
Definition
1. cholinesterase (reversible) inhibitor, occlude active site
2. diagnostic |
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Term
|
Definition
1. QUATERNARY cholinesterase carbamate reversible inhibitor, serves as a more stable substrate
2. Mysasthenia Gravis, paralytic ileus, bladder atony |
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Term
|
Definition
1. TERTIARY cholinesterase carbamate reversible inhibitor, serves as a more stable substrate (DOES enter CNS)
2. Myasthenia Gravis; Atropine Overdose! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. a strong neutrophile - REGENERATES AchE; can pull off organophosphates before 'aging' occurs (does NOT enter CNS)
2. antidote to organophosphate intox |
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Term
|
Definition
insecticides - organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors;
-depolarizing blockade in nicotinic receptors
-hyperactivity at muscarinic receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
Military Nerve Gas - an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor; VERY short aging time
-depolarizing blockade in nicotinic receptors
-hyperactivity at muscarinic receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Synthetic ACH analog
2. Ileus, Urinary Retention |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 1. synthetic Ach analog
2. provocative test for hyperreactive airways
3. cardiovascular & respiratory effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. muscarine receptor agonist (cholinomimetic) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. activates nicotinic receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) |
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Term
|
Definition
(from Jaborandi "what causes slobbering")
1. muscarinic receptors direct Agonist
2. historically, glaucoma; relieve dry mouth, Sjogren's
3. can be absorbed systemically, widespread PSNS and CNS effects |
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Term
|
Definition
1. depolarizing blockade at nicotinic receptors
2. to create paralysis during surgery
3. muscle soreness, hyperkalemia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. a neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist; produces dopamine release in 'reward center', also blocks binding of nicotine
2. smoking cessationg
3. NAUSEA, headache, abnormal dreams |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist - Paralysis of ENTIRE autonomic nervous system!
2. (limited use) HTN, dissecting aortic aneurysm, autonomic hyperreflexia, to control hemorrhage
3. "Hexamethonium Man" SNS predominates in BP, PSNS predominates in HR |
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Term
|
Definition
1. antimuscarinic
2. asthma, COPD
3. toxic doses can cause hypotension(ganglion blockade), muscle weakness (NMJ blockade) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. anti-muscarinic, esp in CNS
2. motion sickness, via transdermal patch
3. sedation, anterograde anmesia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. antimuscarinic with no apparent selectivity
2. OverActive Bladder
3. typical anticholinergic effects, but for some reason at less incidence than other similar drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Non-depolarizing, competitive antagonist to NMJ nicotinic receptors
2. induce paralysis for surgery
3. fall in arterial pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
Class 1A Fast Na-blocker, with Anti-Muscarinic effects
1. slow conduction, increase AP duration,
and increase effective refractory
3. Torsade de pointes!
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Term
| procainamide/disopyramide |
|
Definition
Class 1A Fast Na-blocker
1. slow conduction, increase AP duration,
and increase effective refractory
(NAPA metabolite has some K-blocking, too)
3. Torsade de pointes!
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|
|
Term
lidocaine/mexiletine/tocainide
(also phenytoin) |
|
Definition
Class 1B quick Fast Na-blocker
1. slows conduction but DECREASES AP duration and effective refractory period
2. Acute ventric. arryth esp post-MI |
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Term
| flecainide/encainide/propafenone |
|
Definition
Class 1C slow Fast Na-blocker
1. slows conduction
*BUT also exhibits some K-blocking aka increases AP duration and refractoriness
2. for V-Tach's that progress to VF; a last resort
3. PROARRYTHMIC! contra post-MI |
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Term
|
Definition
B1-blocker
1. B1 seems to mediate myocardial apoptosis; so this blocks that!
2. CHF |
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Term
|
Definition
Class 3 K-Channel blocker
1. Prolong AP duration by prolonging refractory period
in myocytes and purkinje fibers
(Actually exhibits class 1-4 characteristics)
3. Pulmonary Fibrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Class 4 voltage gated Ca-Channel blocker
1. major response to slow AP responders (aka SA, AV nodes or damage myocytes)
↓HR and AV conduction |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit Na/K ATPase; vagal stimulation = increased contractility, yet decr. HR and O2 consumption
2. Heart Failure and AFib
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Term
|
Definition
| ultra short 1/2 life, activates K channels to decrease AV conduction |
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Term
|
Definition
conversion to NO; vasodilator
1. decrease LVEDP, and afterload
2. ischemic heart
3. orthostatic HTN, reflex tachy, TOLERANCE |
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Term
|
Definition
| organic nitrate; longer acting that NTG |
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Term
|
Definition
Class 4 voltage gated Ca-Channel blocker
1. major response to slow AP responders
(aka SA, AV nodes or damage myocytes)
↓HR and AV conduction
Also a vasodilator! |
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Term
|
Definition
A type 2 (predominantly vascular) Ca-Channel Blocker
minimal effect on AV, SA, or contractility
2. ischemic heart |
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Term
|
Definition
phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor
1. cardiac specific; increase contractility, and vasodilation
2. short term for acute CHF
3. "Killrinone" aka arrhythmogenic |
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Term
|
Definition
1. an NO Pro-drug; "nitroglycerin's cousin" dilates mostly ARTERIOLES = decr afterload
2. HTN in pregnancy(+methyldopa a-agonist), CHF, Severe HTN
3. lupus-like syndrm; compensory tachycard. |
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Term
|
Definition
conversion to NO; vasodilator
2. Malignant HTN!
3. CN- toxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
*ACE inhibitor*
1. also can ↑bradykinin release (vasodilate)
2. MANDATORY use in Chronic HF
3. persistant cough from ↑bradykinin,
HYPERKALEMIA, short 1/2 life |
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|
Term
|
Definition
*ACE inhibitor*
1. also can ↑bradykinin release (vasodilate)
2. MANDATORY use in Chronic HF
3. persistant cough from ↑bradykinin,
HYPERKALEMIA, longer 1/2 life |
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Term
|
Definition
*ACE inhibitor*
1. also can ↑bradykinin release (vasodilate)
2. MANDATORY use in Chronic HF
3. persistant cough from ↑bradykinin,
HYPERKALEMIA (aka arrythmia possible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin 2, AT1-receptor blocker
2. don't ↑bradykinin, thus no cough
3. angioedema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin 2, AT1-receptor blocker
2. don't ↑bradykinin, thus no cough
3. angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
1. D1 agonist; Used for vasodilation property
2. HTN, Shock-to incr perfusion to kidneys! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a2 blocker
2. depression |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Binds to AntiThrombin3 & accelerates action inactivation of 9, 10, & thrombin
2. current clotting, prophylaxis (DVT, PE, MI, AFib, big procedures
3. bleeding, Hep-induced Thrombocytopenia (IgG), allergic rxn since hep comes from pig and beef mast cells |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds AT3 for selective-inhibition to factor 10, bc too small to also bind thrombin
2. abdm surg, hip/knee replacement
3. bleeding, thrombocytopenia; but requires less monitoring, greater T.I. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. synthetic, with a much longer 1/2Life than LMWH
2. prevent orthopedic DVTs, tx DVT/PE
3. bleeding, much LESS thrombocytopenia or allergy hazard; Not for renal dysfunction pts |
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Term
|
Definition
1. a Large cation protein that complexes with Heparin (large anion)
2. to rapidly reverse heparin effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Block VitK Epoxide Reductase to inhibit synthesis of 2,7,9,10; get to INR of 2-3;
2. Prophylaxis/tx DVT, PE, MI, AFib
3. hemorrhage; initial HYPERcoag from knocking out Pro-C 1st; Contra to Pregnancy!
4. ~99% highly bound, uses P450s |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. bypasses warfarin's inhibition of VitK epoxide reductase; diminish Warf. effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-platlet & Anti-Coag.
1. Directly inhibit thrombin enzyme active site (no co-factor needed) to prevent fibrin activation
2. Hep-induced thrombocytopenia or risk of it, surgery prophylaxis
3. renal excretion so caution to renal dysfx pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-platlet & Anti-Coag.
1. Directly inhibit thrombin enzyme active site (no co-factor needed) to prevent fibrin activation
2. Hep-induced thrombocytopenia or risk of it, surgery prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-platlet & Anti-Coag.
1. Directly inhibit thrombin enzyme active site (no co-factor needed) to prevent fibrin activation
2. Hep-induced thrombocytopenia or risk of it, surgery prophylaxis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Orally available Hirudin
1. metabolized in liver so ok for renal dysfx patients |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Orally available Hirudin
1. cleared by renal, so ok for hepatic dysfx patients
2. stroke prevention with AFib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ↑cAMP that prevents platelet activation; via blocking phosphodiesterase which degrades cAMP and blocking adenosine uptake which would normall ↓cAMP (give w/ ASA)
2. pt with increased stroke risk
3. Headache; contraindications like ASA |
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Term
|
Definition
1. GPIIa/IIIb receptor reversible inhibitor = blocks x-linking and aggregation of platelets
2. Prevent MI
3. Bleeding; Contra to Renal Dysfx pt |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Mouse-Human Ab to GPIIa/IIIb receptor = blocks x-linking and aggregation of platlets
2. Prevent MI
3. Bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a tyrosine analog that binds and inhibits GPIIa/IIIb receptor = blocks x-linking and aggregation of platelets
2. Prevent MI
3. Bleeding; contra to hepatic dysfx pts |
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Term
|
Definition
1. ADP-Receptor P2Y Inhibitor = ↑cAMP and inhibition of platelet activation
2. prevent MI in failed ASA use
3. Neutropenia/agranulocytosis!; contra to Prior TIA or Stroke, CABG, active bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ADP-Receptor P2Y Inhibitor = ↑cAMP and inhibition of platelet activation
2. prevent MI in failed ASA use
3. Better tolerated; Neutropenia, agranulocytosis; contra to Prior TIA or Stroke, CABG, active bleeding; metabo by CYP2C19 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ADP-Receptor P2Y Inhibitor = ↑cAMP and inhibition of platelet activation; More Potent!
2. prevent MI in failed ASA use
3. BLEEDING; Neutropenia, agranulocytosis; contra to Prior TIA or Stroke, CABG, active bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALLOSTERIC ADP-Receptor P2Y reversible Inhibitor = ↑cAMP and inhibition of platelet activation
2. prevent MI in failed ASA use
3. Neutropenia/agranulocytosis; contra to Prior TIA or Stroke, CABG, active bleeding |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. tPA isolated from Streptococci; activates plasmin
2. MI, acute ischemic stroke or PE
3. massive fibrinolysis |
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Term
|
Definition
1. recombinant tPA that binds only to fresh thrombi before activating plasmin
2. MI, acute ischemic stroke or PE
3. massive fibrinolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. lysine analog - plasmin Inhibitor
2. streptokinase/alteplase OD/toxicity |
|
|
Term
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
chlorpheniramine, promethazine, hydroxyzine |
|
Definition
1. 1st generation H1-Antihistamine (can get to CNS histamine receptor in NST) depress labyrinth excitability; MAJOR AntiMuscarinic!
2. allery; Motion Sickness; early tx of parkinson's symptoms
3. SEDATION, antiMusc. effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen H1-antihistamine; minimal to no antiMusc effects
2. allergy only
3. FAR less sedation = you're free to "cet and dine" on this drug. |
|
|
Term
loratadine
fexofenadine
desloratadine |
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen H1-antihistamine; minimal to no antiMusc effects
2. allergy only
3. FAR less sedation = you're free to "cet and dine" on this drug. |
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