Term
| Pathway neuronal signaling occurs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| NE (noradrenaline), Epi, acetylcholine |
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Term
| Sympathetic NS, preganglionic neurons are fired by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic NS, postganglionic neurons are fired by... |
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Definition
| NE (sometimes acetylcholine) |
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Term
| Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron fires... |
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Definition
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Term
| Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release... |
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Definition
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Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants; Elavil (amitriptyline) |
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Definition
| Block reuptake and degradation of epinephrine, leading to more cardiac adverse effects |
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Term
| Nonselective Beta blockers issues w/ asthma and COPD pts |
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Definition
| Block beta receptors in peripheral blood vessels, epinephrine acts as a pure alpha agonist and blood pressure rises |
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Term
| Selective beta blocker potential issues w/ asthma and COPD pts |
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Definition
| Block beta1 receptors in heart, but at high doses block beta 2 receptors in peripheral blood vessels and bronchial smooth muscle |
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Term
| Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline) |
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Definition
| Inhibit breakdown of dopamine, mostly serotonin. Potential to increase blood pressure |
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Term
| Phenylethylamines - pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - alpha/beta2 |
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Definition
| Both vasoconstriction and bronchodilation |
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Term
| Imidazolines - oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
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Definition
| Alpha1 and alpha2 partial, rapid acting and long lasting decongestant |
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Term
| Ritalin (methylphenidate, Concerta) & Adderall (amphetamine) MOA: |
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Definition
| Alpha receptor stimulants: Enters cell via reuptake transporter and promotes release of NE from synaptic vesicles --> alertness and better effects for ppl who are restless |
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Term
| Ritalin and Adderall are and have side effects of: |
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Definition
| Schedule II and dyskinesia, muscle tightness, bruxism |
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Term
| Strattera (atomoxetine) is a... |
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Definition
| Alternative to Adderall and Ritalin |
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Term
| Strattera (atomoxetine) MOA: |
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Definition
| NE reuptake inhibitor, increases NE levels in synaptic cleft |
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Term
| Strattera (atomoxetine) side effects: |
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Definition
| Nausea, xerostomia, appetite loss |
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Term
| Provigil (modafinil) MOA: |
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Definition
| Alpha 1 agonist, dopamine reuptake inhibitor |
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Term
| Provigil (modafinil) indication: |
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Definition
| Narcolepsy, shift work disorder |
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|
Term
| Provigil (modafinil) adverse effects: |
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Definition
| Mania, delusions, hallucinations, suicidal ideation and aggression, persistent sleepiness; not approved for children |
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Term
| Catapres (clonidine) is a... |
|
Definition
| presynaptic alpha2 agonist; used for HTN |
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Term
| Catapres (clonidine) MOA: |
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Definition
| Binds to presynaptic alpha2 medullary receptors in the brain which inhibit sympathetic outflow to the body and alpha receptors in blood vessels are inhibited |
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Term
| Catapres (clonidine) Dental adverse effects: |
|
Definition
| Dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension |
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|
Term
| 3 dosage forms for Catapres |
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Definition
| Oral tablet, patch, epidural injection |
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Term
| Proventil (albuterol) and Serevent (salmeterol) are.... |
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Definition
| Beta2 sympathetic agonists used for Asthma, COPD |
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Term
| Proventil (albuterol) and Serevent (salmeterol) MOA: |
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Definition
| Stimulation of Beta2 receptors expressed by bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation |
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|
Term
| Albuterol (proventil) is... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmeterol (serevent) is... |
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Definition
| long-acting and usually combined w/ a corticosteroid |
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|
Term
| Proventil (albuterol) and Serevent (salmeterol) can cause... |
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Definition
| Unusual taste, oropharynx irritation and dryness, dizziness |
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|
Term
| Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists for HTN |
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Definition
| Hytrin (terazosin), Cardura (doxazosin), Minipress (prazosin) |
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|
Term
| Hytrin (terazosin) can cause... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Minipress (prazosin) can cause... |
|
Definition
| Orthostatic hypotension, syncope, nasal congestion |
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|
Term
| Alpha adrenergic antagonists for urinary retention due to bening prostate hyperplasia |
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Definition
| Hytrin (terazosin), Flomax (tamsulosin) |
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Term
| MOA of Hytrin (terazosin) for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia |
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Definition
| Alpha 1 receptor antagonist, leading to smooth muscle relaxation; can lead to dry mouth, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension |
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|
Term
| MOA of Flomax (tamsulosin): |
|
Definition
| Blocks alpha1A and alpha1D receptor subtypes found only in prostate gland; causes syncope (rare); preferred drug |
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|
Term
| Selective Beta1 receptor antagonist: |
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Definition
| Tenormin (atenolol), toprol (metoprolol) |
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|
Term
| Nonselective Beta blocker: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not as popular as the selective beta blockers; effective in treating stage fright, tremor, migraine prevention |
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|
Term
| Dental adverse effects of beta blockers |
|
Definition
| Altered taste, lichenoid reactions, orthostatic hypotension |
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|
Term
| Problems w/ non-selective beta antagonist |
|
Definition
| May enhance the pressor response to epinephrine, contraindicated in patients w/ bradycardia |
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|
Term
| Mixed adrenergic antagonist: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of Coreg (carvedilol): |
|
Definition
| Antagonist at beta1 and alpha1 receptors |
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|
Term
| Pharmacological effects of Coreg (carvedilol): |
|
Definition
| Decreased HR and contractility and decreased BP through alpha receptor blockade |
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|
Term
| Uses and side effects of Coreg (carvedilol): |
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Definition
| Congestive heart failure; dizziness, fatigue |
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|
Term
| Two major types of acetylcholine receptors |
|
Definition
| Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ligand-gated ion channels ("ionotropic") |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| G protein-coupled receptors ("metabotropic") |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| mimic parasympathetic nervous system stimulation and produce parasympathetic responses |
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|
Term
| Mechanisms of cholinergic drugs |
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Definition
| 1. Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition - prolong t1/2 of acetylcholine at receptor site; 2. direct acting - bind to and stimulate muscarinic receptors |
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|
Term
| General therapeutic uses of Cholinergic drugs |
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Definition
| 1. Cholinesterase inhibitors, 2. salivary stimulants, 3. smoking cessation |
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Term
| Cholinesterase inhibitors help w/: |
|
Definition
| Alzheimer's, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis |
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|
Term
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
| Alzheimer's: Aricept (donepezil), exelon (rivastigmine); glaucoma/myasthenia gravis: prostigmin (neostigmine) and Mestinon (pyridostigmine) |
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|
Term
| Aricept (donepezil), Exelon (rivastigmine) MOA: |
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Definition
| Alzheimer's - prolong acetylcholine half-life in the brain |
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|
Term
| Namzaric (donepezil and memantine) |
|
Definition
| Really godo uptake when first introduced ; problem only work for short period of time |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct acting muscarinic receptor agonists |
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|
Term
| Salagen (pilocarpine) and evoxac (cevimeline) |
|
Definition
| severe xerostomia - direct acting muscarinic receptor agonists |
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Term
| Salagen (pilocarpine) and Evoxac (cevimeline) should be used in caution with: |
|
Definition
| COPD and Parkinson's disease |
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|
Term
| Cholinergic contraindicatiosn |
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Definition
| Bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, GI obstruction or urinary tract obstruction, severe cardiac disease, ulcer patients, urinary incontinence patients |
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|
Term
| Overall side effects of cholinergic drugs |
|
Definition
| Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, rhinitis, urinary frequency, bronchospasm, hypotension, arrhythmias |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuromuscular junction blocker used in surgery and intubation |
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|
Term
| Botulinum toxin type A "Botox" |
|
Definition
| Strongly inhibits ACh release |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Partial agonists at Alpha3beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; stimulates receptor-mediated activity but at lower level than nicotine, prevents nicotine binding |
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|
Term
| Adverse effects of Chantix |
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Definition
| Nausea, nightmares, xerostomia |
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|
Term
| Welbutrin/Zyban (buproprion) MOA: |
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Definition
| NE/dopamine reuptake inhibitor used for depression and smoking cessation |
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|
Term
| Welbutrin/Zyban (buproprion) is a: |
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Definition
| Non-competitive antagonist at several nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
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Term
| Welbutrin/Zyban (buproprion) has a high incidence of... |
|
Definition
| Xerostomia (when compared to other antidepressants) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents secretory synaptic vesicle fusion w/ membrane: acetylcholine release is blocked which reduces local activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| focal dystonias, chronic migraines; cosmetic applications |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased HR, pupil dilation & light sensitivity, loss of accomodation, difficulty in urinating or urinary retention, diminished bowel movement/decreased motility, increased intraocular pressure, decrease mucus production, block salivation, decreased tears and perspiration |
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|
Term
| Atrovent (ipratropium), spiriva (tiotropium) |
|
Definition
| Antimuscarinic leads to bronchodilation for asthmatic and COPD pts |
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|
Term
| Atrovent (ipratropium) can be in combination inhalation product w/ albuterol called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has prolonged t 1/2; used primarily in COPD |
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|
Term
| New combination drug for COPD |
|
Definition
| Anoro/Ellipta; combo of umeclidinium (muscarinic receptor antagonist) and vilanterol (beta2 agonist) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Detrol (tolterodine), Toviaz (fesoterodine), Enablex (darifenacin) |
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|
Term
| Antispasmodics function by: |
|
Definition
| Contracting urinary sphincter muscles, used in dysuria (painful urinatioN), urgency, incontinence |
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|
Term
| Toviaz (fesoterodine) is a... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Enablex (darifenacin) is a... |
|
Definition
| M3 selective agent (higher concentration of M3 receptors in urinary tract than rest of body), less dry mouth and constipation |
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|
Term
| Anticholinergic drugs are potentiated by... |
|
Definition
| Antihistamines - major red flag |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Paroxetine (antidepressant) increase Enablex exposure |
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