Term
Cocaine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
blocks reuptake of Norepin. |
|
|
Term
Clonidine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Alpha 2 agonist in medulla
causes hypotension |
|
|
Term
Albuterol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Used for COPD, Emphysema and Asthma
SE: tachychardia, heart palpit., nervousness, tremor, nausea |
|
|
Term
Phenylepherine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
direct alpha-1 agonist(less alpha-2)
causes pupil dilation, raises BP, nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
Dobutamine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Beta-1 activation, less beta-2 activity
increases caridac contractility, cardiac output; used for CHF & shock
Dobutamine, like epinepherine and norepinepherine is derived from tyrosine. |
|
|
Term
Isoproterenol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Strong Beta-2 activity
Bronchodilator, treats asthma |
|
|
Term
Norepinepherine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Alpha-1 and -2; beta-1 activity
used for treating shock and hypotension |
|
|
Term
Epinepherine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Activates all Alpha & Beta receptors
Alpha-1 causes vasoconstriction in periphery - shunts blood to core organs
Beta-1 increases heart rate
used for cardiac arrest
more bioavailability when mixed with local anesthetic(ex procaine) |
|
|
Term
Dopamine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist
Acts on D1 and D2 receptors>B1,B2>A1,A2
Does NOT cross the Blood-
brain Barrier
Clinical uses: shock and heart failure
L-dopa is the precursor of dopamine and it DOES cross the BBB. |
|
|
Term
class
Amphetamine
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect adrenergic agonist
causes endogenous NE release
Increases Dopamine release
Increases BP
Examples: methedrine(speed); methylphenidate(ritalin)
uses: depression, hyperactivity disorders, obesity |
|
|
Term
Tyramine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect adrenergic agonist
causes endogenous NE release
From fermented food products(ex turkey)
causes serotonin release |
|
|
Term
Ephedrine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect AND direct adrenergic agonist
CNS stimulant acting on A1,A2,B1,B2
Increases BP by increasing perpheral resisitance
uses: decongestant |
|
|
Term
Metaraminol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect AND direct adrenergic agonist
Alpha-1 and -2; beta-1 activity
used for treating shock and hypotension |
|
|
Term
Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Adrenergic ANTAgonist
Blocks Alpha receptors
treats HTN |
|
|
Term
Bisoprolol, Lopressor
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Adrenergic ANTAgonist Beta - 1 selective (heart)
decreases BP, contractility and rate
decreases renin secretion, increase Na+ retention
decreased aqueous humor secretion
SE: depression, impotence, bradycardia |
|
|
Term
Propranolol, pindolol, labetolol, carvedilol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Adrenergic ANTAgonist
NOT selective
decreases BP, contractility and rate
decreases renin secretion, increase Na+ retention
decreased aqueous humor secretion
SE: depression, impotence, bradycardia, exacerbates asthma |
|
|
Term
Acetylcholine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist
Acts on ACH receptors (nicotinic) in Para and sympatheic systems.
Hydrolized by ACHE |
|
|
Term
Bethanechol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist
Acts on ACH receptors
used on smooth muscles in bladder to treat people with urinary retention |
|
|
Term
Carbachol
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist
Acts on ACH receptors
Contraction of ciliary body muscle opens trabecular meshwork causing increased outflow, also acts on iris constrictor causing miosis(all just like pilocarpine, but with more toxicity, not used clinically much anymore) |
|
|
Term
Demecarium
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
Potent long acting AchE inhibitor
previously used for glaucoma |
|
|
Term
Edrophonium
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis
Called the Tensilon Test: immediate result is to improve muscle tone and strength - about a minute for action to be evident |
|
|
Term
Echothiophate
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
Irreversible;
Last resort med for glaucoma - many side effects |
|
|
Term
Physostigmine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
old Glaucoma medication
SE: bradycardia, convulsions |
|
|
Term
Isofluorophate
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
Irreversible;
last resort glaucoma med - many side effects |
|
|
Term
Neostigmine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Indirect acting cholinergic Agonist
Reversible;old glaucoma medication
increases bladder and intestinal motility, used for Tx of myasthenia Gravis |
|
|
Term
Succinylcholine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Cholinergic ANtagonist
blocks nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junnction
muscle paralysis prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
tubocurarine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Cholinergic ANtagonist
blocks nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junnction
muscle paralysis prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
Methyldopa
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist -alpha-2
negative feedback loop to CNS
causes hypotension, decr. peripheral resistance and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
Atropine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Cholinergic ANtagonist
Muscarinic antagonist
causes dilation and cycloplegia
management of posterior synechia and amblyopia |
|
|
Term
scopolamine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Cholinergic ANtagonist
Muscarinic antagonist
used for motion sickness |
|
|
Term
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pilocarpine
class
Mechanism
effects/uses |
|
Definition
Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist
Acts on ACH receptors
Contraction of ciliary body muscle opens trabecular meshwork causing increased outflow, also acts on iris constrictor causing miosis |
|
|
