Term
|
Definition
1 neuron
Ach
Nicotinic receptor
excitation
innervates skeletal muscles
voluntary |
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Term
|
Definition
2 neurons
excitation or inhibition
Para & sympathetic nervous systems
Ach or norepephrine |
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Term
|
Definition
myelinated
length varies between para(long)/sympathetic (short)
cell body in CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
body in autonomic ganglion
unmeylinated
para (short)/ sympathetic (long)
release Ach(para) or norepinephrine (sym) |
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Term
|
Definition
leave T1-L2
start in intermediolateral horn of spinal cord
ventral horn to paravertebral ganglia |
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Term
| Paravertebra ganglia (routes) |
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Definition
aka sympathetic chain
3 routes:
1. synapse with postgang. here
2. travel up/down to synapse
3. leave chain, synapse in collateral ganglia |
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Term
| Prevertebral ganglia (collateral) |
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Definition
3 main ganglia:
celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric |
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Term
| exit via spinal nerve innervation |
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Definition
| sweat glands, blood vessels of skin and skeletal muscles |
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Term
| exit via sympathetic nerve innervation |
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Definition
| iris, salivary glands, heart, lungs,esophagus |
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Term
| collateral ganglia innervation ( celiac) (6) |
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Definition
| stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys |
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Term
| collateral ganglia innervation (superior mesenteric) (3) |
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Definition
| small intestine, colon, kidneys |
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Term
| collateral ganglia innervation ( inferior mesenteric) |
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Definition
| rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
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Term
| Special case of the Adrenal Gland |
|
Definition
within medulla have chromaffin cells
innervated by preganglionic sympathetic nerves
secrete epinephrine/norepinephrine directly into blood stream |
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Term
|
Definition
| from brain stem (III, VII,IX,X) and sacral region (leave intermediolateral through pelvic splanhnic nerves) |
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Term
|
Definition
secreted by cholinergic
all pregang.
para postgang
symp postgang. that innervate sweat glands |
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Term
|
Definition
symp postgang
20% of release in adrenal medulla secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
| secreted by adrenal medulla (80%) |
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Term
|
Definition
Ach
nicotinic (autonomic ganglia, NMJ, adrenal medulla)
muscarinic (cardiac muscle, sweat glands, smooth muscle, glands) |
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Term
|
Definition
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
Alpha and Beta
A1& B1- excitation
A2-inhibition
B2-relaxation |
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Term
|
Definition
monamine oxidase (MAO)
cathechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cathecol-o-myethlytransferase |
|
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on Heart |
|
Definition
| b1- increase heart rate/contractibility |
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on vascular smooth muscle |
|
Definition
skin blood vessels(a1)- contract
skeletal blood vessels (b2)- dilate |
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on bronchioles |
|
Definition
| B2- bronchodilation/ bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on GI |
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Definition
| majority is B2 except internal anal sphincter ( a1) |
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on bladder |
|
Definition
Detrusor muscle (β2) relaxation
Internal urethral sphincter (α1) constriction |
|
|
Term
| Effects of sym/para on sweat |
|
Definition
| increase sweat production (sym) |
|
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Term
| Effects of sym/para on eye |
|
Definition
| (β2) dilation of radial muscle |
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Term
| types of Dual innervation |
|
Definition
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic
antagonstic- para and sym have opposite effect ( heart)
cooperative- two work togetyer to get a similar response
ex. GI tract, bronchioles, heart, eye ( circular/radial) |
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Term
| organs without dual innervation |
|
Definition
adrenal medulla (pregang sympathetic)
sweat glands(sympathetic)
most blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
involuntary: distentin of bladder (visceral reflex) stimulates sensory fibers- information travels to sacral spinal cord- gets integrated-signal comes back via parasympathetic fibers in pelvic nerve- stimulate efferent fibers to excite (contract) detrusor muscles and relax muscles in internal urethral sphincter allow for urination
voluntary- decide if appropriate time to go: micturition center in pons receives information from stretch receptors- is appropriate- pons returns signal to spinal neurons to excite detrusor muscle and relax internal urethral sphincter.
if not- through somatic motor neurons to keep sphincter closed |
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Term
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Definition
| light is shown in eyes, stimulates photoreceptors- signal through optic nerve to midbrain where neuron synapse with pretectal nucleus. Neurons then project to Edinger Westphal nucleus- para pregang. neurons travel/synapse on neurons in ciliary ganglion. these innervate sphincter muscles in iris |
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Term
| Direct and consensual response of pupillary reflex |
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Definition
direct: shine light in eye and the stimulated eye will constrict
consensual: the unstimulated eye will also constrict. |
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Term
|
Definition
| medulla oblangata, pons, midbrain & hypothalamus |
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Term
| Medulla Oblangata control |
|
Definition
| blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, swallowing, tonic activity |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| respiration and micturition |
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Term
|
Definition
| pupillary constriction and dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| control sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
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Term
|
Definition
adrenergic agonists
phenylephrine (a1)
isoproterenol (b)
albuterol (b2) |
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Term
|
Definition
adrenergic antagonists
phentolamine (a)
propanolol (b) |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscarinic agonists- pilocarpine |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscarinic antagonists- atropine |
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