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Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
20
Pharmacology
Professional
06/26/2009

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Term
Nervous System
Definition
Composed of Peripheral Nervous System and Central Nervous System
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Any neuron entering or leaving the CNS. Composed of Afferent and Efferent Neurons
Term
Efferent Neurons
Definition
Composed of Autonomic and Somatic Systems
Term
Autonomic System
Definition
Composed of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Systems
Term
Synapse
Definition
When you have one nerve talking to another nerve, the gap is called this
Term
Junction
Definition
When you have a nerve talking to a effector (muscle), the gap is called this
Term
Parasympathetic System
Definition
Also known as the Craniosacral system, this system is one of rest and digest; a protective system, nerves come out of the cranium and the sacrum (tail) of the spinal cord, has long preganglionic neurons, short postganglionic
Term
Sympathetic System
Definition
Also known as the Thoracolumbar system, this system is also called the “fight of flight” system; protects in an aggressive way, nerves come out of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, has short preganglionic neurons, long postganglionic
Term
Parasympathetic System Actions
Definition
Eyes – accommodation, miosis, lacrimation
Nose – mucus secretion
Mouth – salivation
Lungs – bronchoconstriction
Heart – decrease heart rate
GI – acid secretion, peristalsis
Bladder – urination
Reproductive – erection
Term
Sympathetic Nervous System Actions
Definition
Eyes – mydriasis
Nose – constricts vessels which will dry out mucus
Mouth – sweating to drop temperature
Lungs – bronchodilation
Heart – increase heart rate
GI – glycogenolysis, decreased motility of the gut, renin secretion which helps body retain salt/water
Bladder – urinary retention
Reproductive – relaxes uterus, ejaculation in male
Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition

Method used by neurons (nerve cells)

Each neuron is individual unit

They are released at nerve terminals

Rapid system

Term
Hormones
Definition
Released by endocrine cells into blood stream
Broad effects on target cells
Slower system than neurotransmitters
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Cholinergic receptors at preganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, parasympathetic synapses, adrenal medulla and somatic junction
Term
Nicotinic receptors
Definition
ACh receptors that are also stimulated by nicotine, located at somatic junctions, parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic synapse
Term
Muscarinic receptors
Definition
Located at postganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic system and in the sweat glands of the sympathetic system, 5 subtypes
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Adrenergic receptors - Alpha1, Alpha2, ,Beta1, Postganglionic sympathetic junction
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Adrenergic receptors - Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2, Beta3
Term
Dopamine
Definition
D1 Dopaminergic receptors - Activation will increase blood flow to the kidneys due to vasodilation of the renal vascular beds
D2 Dopaminergic receptors - Found on presynaptic adrenergic neurons activation interferes with norepinephrine release
Term
Cholinergic Neurotransmission
Definition
Synthesis: Choline Acetyl Transferase
Storage: Vesicles
Release: Na+ / Ca2+
Receptor Activation: Musc/Nic
Termination of Action: Acetylcholinesterase
Term
Adrenergic Neurotransmission
Definition
Synthesis: Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Dopadecarboxylase
Storage: Dopamine-Beta hydroxylase
Release: Na+/Ca2+
Receptor Activation: Alpha1, Beta1
Autoreceptor Activation: Alpha2
Termination of Action: Diffusion / COMT / MAO
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