Term
|
Definition
An umbrella term that subsumes a spectrum of disorders = ASD
Also known as PDD = Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Include:
Autism
Asperger’s Syndrome
Rett’s Syndrome
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
PDD-NOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lack of mutual eye gaze
Lack of joint reference and joint attention
Lack of turn-taking in “baby games”
Lack of response to own name
Inappropriate facial expressions
Lack of pointing
Lack of babbling
Lack of overt emotional attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
There is no “test”
Instead, behavioral observation and criteria acc. to DSM-IV
Defined as abnormal or impaired development prior to age 3 that involves
1) delays or abnormal functioning in social interaction
2) deficits in language and communication
3) restricted interests/repetitive behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Qualitative impairment in social interaction |
|
Definition
At least two of the following:
Markedly impaired nonverbal behaviors
Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
Failure to engage others in enjoyments and interests
Failure to establish appropriate peer relationships |
|
|
Term
| Qualitative impairment in social interaction |
|
Definition
At least two of the following:
Markedly impaired nonverbal behaviors
Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
Failure to engage others in enjoyments and interests
Failure to establish appropriate peer relationships |
|
|
Term
| Qualitative impairment in communication |
|
Definition
At least 1 of the following:
Delay or absence of spoken language not accompanied by an attempt to compensate with other forms of communication
Marked impairment in the ability to initiate and sustain conversation when speech is present
Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
Lack of varied and appropriate imitative or pretend play |
|
|
Term
| Restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activities |
|
Definition
At least 1 of the following:
Insistence on sameness; inflexible adherence to non-functional routines or rituals
Persistent preoccupations, particularly with parts of objects
Stereotyped or repetitive motor mannerisms
Preoccupation with stereotyped or ritual patterns of interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prior to 1990s: Prevalence of ASD is 0.4-0.5/1,000
In 2007: Prevalence of ASD is 7/1,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autism can co-occur with intellectual disability, but can also affect children who have normal range or above avg IQ
A few people have special skills
(math, music, memory)
Savant syndrome(high level skills and low intelligence)
Hyperlexia - precocious reading ability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early differences in intentional communication
(less join attention/response to human voices)
A substantial proportion of individuals with autism (~50%) never develop spoken language
Nonverbal communication is also often lacking
Often leads to inappropriate behavior: b/c they have no way of communicating) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
echolalia - repition of another person's utterances
godo b/c any language produces is indicator of conversing |
|
|
Term
| Language in Verbal Children with ASD |
|
Definition
Phonology: noticeable prosodic deficits
Vocabulary: esp. difficulty with emotion words and mental-state words; restricted use; idiosyncratic patterns of word-use
Grammar: shorter sentences; inappropriate word order; pronoun reversal (e.g., I for you).
Impaired pragmatics is the hallmark
Lack of topic initiation and maintenance; lack of conversational repair skills; generally inappropriate speech; limited turn-taking
Language is often not directed at or responsive to other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ability to take the perspectives of others and they can understand that others have intentions, knowledge and beliefs that differ than their own
Emerges around 3-4 years of age
Includes joint attention, intentionality, ability to understand other people’s perspectives, use of mental/state words, and pretend play
Tested using appearance-reality tasks and false belief tasks
Children on the spectrum perform less well on TOM tasks than TD children and than children with other developmental disabilities
**necessary for predicting and explaining people's behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refrigerator Mothers” theory
-attributes autism to cold mothers and their ability to bond w/the baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MMR Vaccine, Diet, Toxins
Most likey - faulty DNR w/something in environment - mutations disrupt genes which are turned on and off by activity of neurons that are stimulated by early childhood experiences |
|
|
