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auditing
quiz 1
55
Accounting
Graduate
02/23/2010

Additional Accounting Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Materiality
Definition
The magnitude of an omission of mistake of accounting information that in light of surrounding cirumstances, makes it probable that the judgement of a reasonable person would have been changed by the omission
Term
Audit Risk Model
Definition
AR=IR*CR*DR
Term
Error
Definition
Unintentional misstatement or omissions of financial information
Term
Qualitative Materiathelity
Definition
The nature of a misstatement may be more important than its size:

Example:
-Fraud
-Violations of debt covenant
-Missing Earning Tartes
Term
Fraudulent Misstatements
Definition
Intentional misstatements of omission of amounts or disclosures in financial statement to decieve others
Term
Engagement Risk
Definition
The risk the audit firm is exposed to due to loss of injury from litigation, adverse publicity or other events arising in connection with the audited financial statement.
Term
Assurance Services
Definition
Independent professional service that improves the quality of information, or its context, for decision making.
Term
6 Elements of AICPA's Quality Control Standards
Definition
1. Leadership
2. Relevant Ethical Requirments
3. Acceptances/Continuatance of clients
4. Human Resouces
5. Engagement Performance
6. Monitoring
Term
3 Different Buckets Assertion
Definition
-Transactoin
-Accounts
-Presentation & Disclosure
Term
A.I.C.P.A.
Definition
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Term
Diagnosticity
Definition
Refers to the ability of a control activity to provide a reliable and timely warning of potential problems
Term
P.C.A.O.B.
Definition
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Term
F.A.S.B.
Definition
Financial Accounting Standards Board
Term
G.A.A.S.
Definition
Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
Term
G.A.A.P.
Definition
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Term
Standard Unqualified Report
Definition
Used when the auditor concludes that evidence obtained supports the fariness and completeness of all management assertions.

7 Parts: Title, Date, Addressee, Intro Paragraph, Scope Paragraph, Opinion Paragraph, Sign Off
Term
I.A.S.B.
Definition
Internaitonal Accounting Standards Board
Term
Presentation & Disclosure
Definition
Occurance & Rights & Obligations
-Completeness
-Classificatoni & Understandability
-Accuracy and Validity
Term
Steps of Risk Management
Definition
1. Risk Assessment
2. Response by MGT
3. Information system
4. Performance system
5. Reaction by MGT
Term
Attestation
Definition
The process of providing assurances about the reliability of specific information provided by one party to another
Term
7 Tools of Evidence
Definition
1. Physical Exam/Inspection
2. Confirmation
3. Inspection of Documents
4. Obeservation
5. Recalulation
6. Analytical Evidence
7. Client Inquiry
Term
-3 Primary Objectives of Doing an Audit
-4th Reguired for Publicly Traded Companies
Definition
- To be in accordance with GAAP
- Assessment of going concern
- Evaluation of system for effectiveness

- Evaluation of Internal Controls
Term
External Threats/ Industry Forces
Definition
-Competitors
-Potential Entrants
-Subsitutes
-Customers
Term
Detection risk
Definition
the risk that an auditor may fail to discuss an existing mistake
Term
2 Competing forces of misstatment influence
Definition
-Incentive
-Ethical Principle
Term
4 Ways of Handling Risk Management
Definition
-Avoidance
-Acceptance
-Sharing
-Reduction
Term
Inherent Risk
Definition
The risk that mis statments might occur if there were no internal control
Term
External Risk
Definition
PEST
-Political
-Economic
-Social
-Technological Pressures
Term
Control Risk
Definition
The likehood that the control precent in the system will not prevent r detect a material error in the financial statement
Term
Objectivity
Definition
Refers to potential bias inherent in the execution of a control
Term
Adverse auditors report
Definition
issued whent the auditors concludes the financial assertion are largely incorrect or misleading
Term
Denial of Opinion (Disclaimer)
Definition
The auditor states that no opinion can be expressed.
- can be a result of scope limitation
- can be a result of conflict of interest
Term
Transactions Assection
Definition
1. occurance
2.completeness
3.accuracy
4.cutoff
5. classification
Term
Client Business Risk
Definition
The possibility that an organization will experience adverse outcomes as a result of economic conditions, circumstances, or managent activities/inactivity
Term
Accounts Assertions
Definition
-Existence
-Rights and obligation
-Completeness
-Valuation and Allocation
Term
Client Acceptance: Factors within control of auditors
Definition
-Expertise & Staffing
-Independence
Term
Risks of Basing Decisions on Financial Statements
Definition
1. Biased
2. Irrelevant
3. Inaccurate
4. Sensitive
5. Compley
Term
4 Types of Accounting Firms
Definition
-Local
-Regional
-Emergent International
-International
Term
Enterprise Risk Management
Definition
Designed to ID potential events that may affect the entity, to manage risk to be within its risk appetities, and to provide reasonable assurance regardin the achievemtns of entity objectives.
Term
Qualified Auditor's Report
Definition
Issued when the autitor feels that he/she is unable to conclude that the assertions are completely reliable or fair.
2 Reason, scope limitions or departure from GAAP
Term
Quantitative Materiality
Definition
The magnitude of an error that would make the financial statements materially misstated
Term
8 Components of COSO Enterprise Risk Management
Definition
-Internal Environment
-Objective Setting
-Event Identification
-Risk Assessment
-Risk Response
-Control Activities
-Information and Communication
-Monitoring
Term
Elements of: Standard (Unqualified) Auditor's Report
Definition
1.Title
2.Date
3.Addresses
4.Intro Paragrahp
5.Scope
6.Opinion
7.Sign Off
Term
Conditions prior to taking on an audit
Definition
1. Knowledge of Auditing Context
2. Subject matter of audit can be examined with objective evaluation process
3. Auditor must be independent
Term
Client Acceptance (Factors that must be evaluated by the auditor
Definition
1.Integrity
2.Reputation & Image
3.Accounting Practices
4.Financial Status
5.Profitability
Term
The effectiveness of controls can be limited by the following
Definition

·      Failure by employees to internalize the organization’s mission and objectives.

·      Inaccurate or out-of-date assumptions

·      Undue focus on current conditions

·      Rigid organizational structure

·      Failure to enforce accountability

·      Communication breakdowns

·      Top management failure

Term
Process Controls
Definition

refer to the control activities that are performed as part of the various processes within the organization.  Process controls are usually performed by staff employees and low-level management, process control activities tend to focus on specific risks within a process

Term
Key Verification
Definition
used to reduce the risk of errors, the process where the same data may be input twice and then compared, if the 2 entries do not agree the item entered is flagged as an error
Term
Check Digits
Definition

    involve embedding special code digits that represent a mathematical combination of the other digits in an identification number

Term
Reconciling Data
Definition

involves comparing data that should be the same but is taken from 2 different sources (think of bank reconciliations)

Term
Batch Controls
Definition

     used to test sequential processing of data, the batch of transactions is represented by one or more control totals that reflect the summation of a common element in the batch (ie: processing multiple sales transactions at once, the control total would be the amount of total sales for the entire day, not just for one batch of sales)

Term
5 Components of Internal Controls
Definition

1.Control Environment: the organization’s integrity, attitudes towards ethical dealings, and general competence.

§       Commonly referred to as the Tone at the Top

2.Risk Assessment: Management should put in place a set of procedures whose purpose is to identify, analyze, and manage risks

3.Control Activities: Management must decide how to respond to risky conditions.  Management must assess whether controlling a risk has a net benefit.  If management believes that it is cost effective to respond to a risk then control activities are the actual procedure that are performed to reduce the likelihood or potential impact of the risk in question

4. Information and Communication: Important information is identified, captured and made available to the appropriate persons in the organization

5. Monitoring: the process whereby the organization tracks the effectiveness of internal controls.  Monitoring should provide information about potential and actual breakdowns in the control system that could allow risks to become problems

Term
3 Key Attributes of Internal Control
Definition

1.     Internal control is a process, meaning it is something the organization does on an ongoing basis.  Because things are constantly changing internal control needs to be a continuous activity

2.     Internal control is ultimately part of management’s responsibility and failure to design effective controls is itself a deficiency and suggests ineffective management.

3.     Internal Controls have inherent limitations that prevent them from eliminating all risk

Term
Internal Control
Definition

components of an organization’s enterprise risk management framework that have audit implications

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