Term
| An instrument used to quantify hearing sensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
-___ (1802) described the first auditory tester
-Consisted of a ___ board placed upright with a drumstick
attached
-The drumstick could be ___ from various heights read from an appropriate scale
-___ developed a similar, widely-used instrument in 1821 using a copper ring hanging by a string from a pole |
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Definition
| Wolke; wooden; dropped; Itard |
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Term
| When was the alarm-clock style "acumeters" invented? |
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Definition
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Term
-Early tonal audiometers were based on frequencies produced by ___ ___. Ex: 265 and 512 Hz
-Modern audiometers use test frequencies based on ___ and ___-___ scales |
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Definition
| tuning forks; octave; half- octave |
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Term
-In the early 1800s, scientists began to notice that hearing loss
appeared to differ by ___
-Between 1800 and 1900, more attention began to be paid to ___- frequency hearing testing
-Below: toothwheel siren (l) and sounding rods (r) c. ___
-[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___ ___ or ___ ___ is a container of gas (usually air) with an open hole (or neck or port). A volume of air in and near the open hole vibrates because of the 'springiness' of the air inside. |
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Definition
| Helmholtz resonator; Helmholtz oscillator |
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Term
| The helmholtz resonator was invented in ___ and was as close to a ___ ___ that you could get organically |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ ___ invented the galton whistle in 1876 and the monochord in 1910. The galton whislte was a whistle that you could change the ___ on. |
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Definition
| Sir Francis Galton; frequency |
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Term
| an instrument for comparing musical pitches mathematically, using a taut wire whose vibrating length can be adjusted with a movable bridge. |
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Definition
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Term
| When did alexander graham bell invent the acoustic telephone receiver? |
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Definition
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Term
| Electric acumeters looked a lot like an early ___, was an ___ device, and tested hearing by introducing a ___ or a ___ |
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Definition
| telephone; electric; tone; voice |
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Term
| The first use of the word “audiometer” is believed to be by B.W. ___ in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first bone conduction oscillator? |
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Definition
The “osteo-tympanal acumeter” by Gradenigo (1893)
[image] |
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Term
osteo-tympanal acumeter was driven by pulsed dc currents produced by a vibrating ___ ___. The right, rounded-off, end of the core rod was put into contact with the ___, the left one was held by the ___.
[image] |
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Definition
| tuning fork; mastoid; examiner |
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Term
| When was the acoustical assembly invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| The acoustical assembly consisted of an ___ ___, a harmonium like set of reed ___ ___ and four variable ___ generators after Stern |
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Definition
air reservoir; organ pipes; tone
[image] |
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Term
| The electric audiometer was invented in? |
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Definition
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Term
| The electric audiometer in 1919 was powered by ___ ___, had a ___ dial, and a ___ dial |
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Definition
| vacuum tubes; frequency, volume |
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Term
| The western electric 1A Audiometer was invented in ___ and was designed to test hearing in ___ and ___ settings |
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Definition
| 1922; medical; educational |
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Term
| Credited with inventing the first modern audiometer and the first modern hearing aid |
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Definition
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Term
Harvey Fletcher designed the Western Electric 4A, which is
considered to be the first ___ ___ audiometer (c. early 1940s). Included a phonograph with a recording of a voice saying ___-___ ___ |
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Definition
| modern electronic; single-digit numbers |
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Term
| It was the end of ___ ___ ___ when the filed of audiology took off (___) |
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Definition
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Term
| The GSI Bekesy audiometer was invented in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the apollo astronaut hearing test given? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phonic ear infant audiometer was invented in ___ and was a hand held device that you would point at a baby and see if you could get a ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ELBE Pracitronics audiometer was used on Soviet Soyuz-29 Mission (1978) for experiments on the effect of ___ ___ on human hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the GSI 61 invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the GSI Audiostar invented? |
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Definition
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Term
Modern electronic audiometers...
-have high ___. Clinical audiometers typically are able to test in increments of ___ Hz or fewer
-Have high ___. Typically in ___ dB increments of intensity.
-Have broad ___ range. Typically ___ dB + for air conduction testing . |
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Definition
| precision; 5; sensitivity; 1; dynamic; 100 |
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Term
| What are the standards governing operation and calibration of audiometers? |
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Definition
| ANSI S3.6 – 2010, IEC 60645, and ISO 8253 |
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Term
Typically, audiometers are given names that reference the following information:
-The ___ of signal they produce (tone or speech)
-The ___ range over which they operate (limited, normal, or high frequency)
-The ___ by which hearing is measured (manual, automatic, or computer-controlled)
-The ___ for which the audiometer is used (clinical, diagnostic, industrial, or screening)
-The number of ____ audiometers contained in one unit (one-channel, two-channel, one-and-a-half-channel)
-Whether the audiometer is ___ or not |
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Definition
| type; frequency; method; purpose; independent; portable |
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Term
| ANSI ____-___ classifies audiometers into five types |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 audiometer types? |
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Definition
| pure tone, automatic, speech, extended high frequency, and free field. |
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Term
| What are the minimum components necessary for a pure tone audiometer? |
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Definition
| pure tone generator, interrupter switch, amplifier, attenuator, output selector switch, and earphones |
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Term
| Produces pure sinusoids at discrete frequencies selected using a control switch or knob |
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Definition
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Term
| Turns the tone on or off before it is routed to the amplifier |
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Definition
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Term
| Amplifies tones to maximum output |
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Definition
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Term
=decreases intensity of amplified tones based on
a dB HL control, which is calibrated relative to normal human hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| Directs the tone to the right or left ear |
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Definition
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Term
-Automatic audiometers are also known as ___-___ audiometers or ___-___ audiometers
-Allow listeners to record their ___ hearing thresholds
-Historically used for ___ purposes
-Now commonly used in ___ ___ programs
-___-___ with cooperative adults subjects |
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Definition
| Békésy-type; self-recording; own; diagnostic; hearing conservation; Time-efficient |
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Term
| Tests above 8,000 Hz and also used for tinnitus evaluations |
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Definition
| high-frequency audiometer |
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Term
ANSI S3.6 specifies that all audiometers should:
-Have stable output for temperatures from ___ to ___ degrees Fahrenheit (15-35 Celsius) and for humidity from ___ and ___%
-Meet minimum ___ requirements
-Have an ___ ___ included
-Have battery voltage, if applicable, clearly ___ |
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Definition
| 59 to 95; 30 to 90; safety instruction manual; marked |
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Term
Audiometers meeting S3.6 specifications must be labeled properly:
1. “ANSI/ISO ___ ___” must appear on the front panel
or hearing level control
2. Audiometer ___(s) must be displayed on front panel
3. Maximum ___ ___ at each frequency should be marked on the
frequency control if not automatically limited by the audiometer’s circuitry
4. Manufacturer ___, ___ number, ___ number, country
of origin, ___ standards, and appropriate transducers
must be marked on the audiometer |
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Definition
| Hearing Level; type; HL; name; model; serial; safety; |
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Term
| Is energy at a single frequency with no harmonic distortion |
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Definition
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Term
Pure tones...
-produce a ___ wave
-Allow testing of hearing sensitivity at discrete ___ increments (usually octaves) |
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Definition
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Term
| Pure tone alternated on and off at a specified rate, holding frequency and on-phase intensity constant |
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Definition
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Term
-ANSI S3.6 specifies that pulse-tone audiometers must have a “tone-on” interval of at least ___ msec for audiometric use
-Common tone modulation rates are ___, ___, and ___
msec |
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Definition
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Term
| When are pulsed tones appropriate? |
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Definition
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Term
-Reflected sound ___. Constructive and destructive interference. When they are in the same phase then it is ___ interference-which ___ the amplitude
-You can get ___ ___ in the booth where destructive interference occurs
-change ___ domain or the ___ to avoid this in the sound field |
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Definition
| collides; constructive; increases; dead spots; dead spots; stimulus |
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Term
| Standing Waves: if you have two waves that have the same frequencies then they can ___, ___, or ___ the amplitude depending on the phase |
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Definition
| cancel, increase, or decrease |
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Term
| Patients have a difficult time responding to a pulsed tone vs a long tone when they are trying to ___ it |
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Definition
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Term
| Also known as frequency-modulated tone or warbled tone. Tone varies in frequency within a specified range, at a specified rate) |
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Definition
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Term
Parameters of FM Tone:
-___ frequency
-____ deviations (degree or depth of modulation)
-Modulation frequency (rate at which tone is ___) |
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Definition
| Center; Frequency; modulated |
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Term
| When are warble tones appropriate? |
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Definition
Sound field
Tinnitus
Pediatric |
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Term
Problems with monitored live voice:
-WRS are highly variable across ___
-WRS are highly variable within a single talker across ___ ___
-WRS for different talkers may produce different ___ functions
-The tester room is commonly NOT ___-___ |
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Definition
| talkers; test sessions; psychometric; sound-treated |
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Term
Also known as broadband noise. Approximately equivalent
energy across a broad frequency range |
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Definition
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Term
-White noise is used as a multi-purpose ___ noise, but is less precise than ___-___ noise (for pure-tone testing) or ___ ___ noise (for speech perception testing)
-Also historically used for ___-___ tests |
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Definition
| masking; narrow-band; speech spectrum; sound-field |
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Term
| Noise filtered so that it has energy distributed over a small audible frequency range |
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Definition
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Term
-Narrow Band Noise is commonly used for ___ of pure-tone stimulus signals.
-Narrow-band center frequency matched to frequency of ___ ___
-Ex: 1000 Hz pure tone is most precisely masked by noise with
center frequency of ___ Hz and bandwidth of about ___ Hz |
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Definition
masking; pure
tone; 1000; 65 |
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Term
| Noise filtered to have increased energy in the speech range |
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Definition
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Term
| Speech spectrum noise is primarily used for ___ of speech signals |
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Definition
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Term
| A device that converts energy from one form to another |
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Definition
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Term
| convert electrical energy into acoustic energy (headphones and inserts) |
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Definition
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Term
| convert electrical energy into mechanical energy (bone oscillator) |
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Definition
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Term
Supra-aural headphones:
-Earphone mounted on a ___ attached to a headband
-Most common types: TDH ___, ___, and ___
-High ___, low ___
-nearly ___ frequency response, limited output above ___ Hz
-Cushion rests on and presses against the ___ |
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Definition
| cushion; 39, 49, 50; sensitivity; distortion; flat; 8000; pinna |
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Term
Circumaural headphones:
-Consist of cushioned earphones on a ___
-When fitted properly, the cushion entirely encloses the ___
-Used to test hearing above ___ Hz
-Common types include Sennheiser HDA___, HDA___, and Koss ___ |
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Definition
| headband; pinna; 8000; 200; 300; HV/1A |
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Term
Advantages of inserts:
-Significantly greater ___ ___ (reduces masking dilemma)
-Greater attenuation of ___-frequency ambient noise
-Eliminates problem of ___ ear canals
-Can improve ___ control
-Usually more ___ for the wearer than supra-aural headphones
-In evoked response testing, reduces transducer ___ and
stimulus artifact without ___ acoustic signal |
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Definition
| interaural attenuation; low; collapsing; infection; comfortable; ringing; reducing |
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Term
-Frequency response of the B-71 and B-72 is characterized by
resonant ___, ___ in amplitude as frequency ___ |
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Definition
| peaks; decrease; increases |
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Term
Loudspeakers must...
-have bandwidth between ___ and ___ Hz
-have near-___ frequency response
-be capable of producing sounds from ___ to ___ dB SPL at a reference point in sound field
-have low ___, especially at high output levels
-be housed in a ___ enclosure
-be electrically ___ |
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Definition
| 100; 10,000; flat; 0 to 120; distortion; shielded; isolated |
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