Term
| Explain why some speech sounds are more periodic (quasi periodic) while others are aperiodic? |
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Definition
The Periodic Sounds are normally vowel sounds. When a successive disturbance of air causing sound waves occurs at regular intervals and are all the same shape they produce a periodic wave.
For aperiodic there are modifications made to the air as it passes through the vocal tract producing a aperiodic sound wave |
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Term
| What factors determine a speaker’s fundamental frequency? |
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Definition
| The length & mass of the Vocal trac |
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Term
| Why is the vocal tract a variable resonator? |
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Definition
| because it can change dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
| formants are bands of energy that are seen on a spectrogram vowels will have stacked formants |
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Term
| What factor determines Formant 1? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factor determines Formant 2? |
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Definition
| where the tongue is located in the mouth related to front or back vowels |
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Term
| How might you identify a diphthong on a spectrogram? |
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Definition
| it starts in one position on the spectrogram and transitions to another position on the same spectrogram |
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Term
On a spectrogram, what variable is represented by
the x-axis? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a spectrogram, what variable is represented by the y-axis? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a spectrogram, what variable is represented by darkness/lightness of the display? |
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Definition
| the intensity or loudness of the frequency |
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Term
After the /b/ sound is there a pure vowel or diphthong
what is the diphthong
describe the location and changes of formants 1 & 2
Lable formants 1 & 2 [image] |
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Definition
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Term
Which class of speech sound is comprised of transient bursts?
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Definition
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Term
Are you likely to hear pure tones in your natural environment? Why?
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Definition
| No. Because the only way to get a pure tone is by a machine |
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Term
Name a device capable of producing a pure tone.
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Definition
a pure tone generator
audiometer |
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Term
Why is it important for audiologist to be able to test hearing with pure tones?
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Definition
| they can determine which specific frequencies are not able to be heard by the patient instead of a range test |
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Term
What are the suprasegmentals of speech?
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Definition
Intonation
Stress
Rate
Juncture |
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Term
What is an intonation contour?
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Definition
| Where the rise and fall pattern of sentences reflect emphasis, importance, and/or meaning |
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Term
Why would fricatives be difficult to perceive by people with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss?
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Definition
| because the fricatives at produced with a high frequency and with a high frequency sensorineural hearing loss they aren't about to hear that sound being produced so if you say "fat" all they hear is "at" |
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Term
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Definition
| when speech consists of overlapping motor movements |
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Term
Explain why the /t/ sound sin the words ‘two’, ‘tea’, ‘true’, and ‘butter’ differ from each other.
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Definition
| its different because of the letters that surround the /t/ sound becuse the sounds infront and behind will have some effect on the /t/ sound that will be produced |
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Term
Which group of English speech sounds is associated with antiresonances?
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Definition
| Nasals they absorbe the resonence sound by the body |
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Term
What is voice onset time? How do voiceless word-initial stop consonants differ from voiced word-initial stop consonants in terms of VOT?
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Definition
the time that elapses between the begining of a word and phonation differentiates voiced from voiceless sounds.
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Term
What is categorical perception?
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Definition
we hear cargeories of sound
Stop consonants are perceived categorically
we cant hear the degree of change in Voice onset time, we simply not the difference |
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Term
| How is substitution differet from a distortion? |
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Definition
substitution is where you change the sound completly EX you change a /r/ to a /w/ Ready to weady
a distortion is that you have a lisp so you trying to say the correct sound but it comes out wrong |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Fronting |
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Definition
it is when you change an Velum to alvelar
Ex (error/target) t/k |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Stopping
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Definition
Substution of a stop for a fricatitive
EX (error/target) z/d |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Consonant Cluster Reduction
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Definition
when part of a consonant cluster is omitted
EX Error/Target han/hand |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Weak Syllable Deletion
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Definition
is the deletion of a weak syllable in a word
EX Error/Target nana/banana |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Vocalization
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Definition
| putting a vowel at the end of a word instead of a liquid |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Final Consonant Deletion |
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Definition
Deletion of a consonant at the end of a syllable or word
EX Error/Target (Ta/top) |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Backing |
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Definition
an alveolar sound is made into a velar
Ex Error/Target (g/d) |
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Term
define the phonological processes
Initial Consonant Deletion |
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Definition
Deletion of a consonant at the beginning of a word or syllable
Ex Error/Target (at/Pat)
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Term
| which phonological processes are considered non-developmental? |
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Definition
Initinal Consonant Deletion
Glottal Substitution
Backing
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Term
what are these Diacritical markers for narrow transscription
Nasalized
Denasalized
Nasal Emission
Legthened
Lateralized
Partially Devoiced
Trilled
Released
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Definition
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