Term
| The brainstem consists of what anatomical parts? |
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Definition
| medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain |
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Term
| Instantaneous transmission of electrical activity from a neural generator through a medium (such as skin, fluid, skull, etc.) to a relatively distnat point is called _________? |
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Definition
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Term
| The major blood supply of the brainstem is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the brain would you find pyramidal, octopus, stellate, globular and spherical cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| The father of auditory evoked response is________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cochlea is divided into what 3 major channels or compartments? |
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Definition
| scala tympani, scala media,scala vestibuli |
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Term
| The Organ of Corti is composed of both sensory (IHC and OHC) and supporting structures. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the length and overall anatomical shape of the cochlea in the average man. |
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Definition
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Term
| The origin of wave II of the ABR is from what anatomical site? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cochlear nucleus is located in what anatomical portion of the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is a complex relay station in the auditory pathway and is the first place where a variety of ipsilateral & contralateral inputs are located for binaural listening. |
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Definition
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Term
| The typical clinical findings of an ABR indicate abnormalities in teh ear ipsilateral to a brainstem lesion. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors are known to significantly influence the ABR recording? |
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Definition
| age, gender, muscular artifacts, electrical artifacts, anesthetic agents, body temperature |
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Term
| Does sleep state influence the ABR recording? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ABR is considered an objective electrophysiological test which measures neural integrity for the entire central auditory system. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| There is no single technique or method that can or should be used in recording the ABR. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| The ABR response is dependent on activation of the apex region of the cochlea. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| Waveforms II, II, Iv and V have multiple anatomical generator sites. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| The female vs. male (gender) effect on the ABR responses is best described as_________. |
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Definition
| decreased amplitude and increased latency in males |
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Term
| The ABR response can best be described to occur in a normal hearing adult within a ________ time period following the presentation of a high-intensity (greater than 80dB) acoustical click stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many outer hair cells are there in the human cochlea? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell bodies of the Auditory nerve that transmit neural activity from the cochlea to the central auditory system are called __________. |
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Definition
| spiral ganglion cell bodies |
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Term
| What are the two distinct classes of electrical potentials that can be measured from electrodes placed in or near the cochlea that reflect the physiological state of the cochlear and auditory nerve? |
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Definition
| stimulus-evoked and resting potentials |
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Term
| Outer hair cells receive about 5% of the innervation of the nerve fibers from the acoustic portion of the VIIIth nerve. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call information transferred within the brainstem in a progressive manner from the lower brainstem to the key structures in the cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the root cause of the longer ABR latency values seen in infants under 18 months? |
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Definition
| auditory neuromaturation effects in infants |
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Term
| What are the stages that are employed and necessary in the processing of electrical activity for the recording of ABR waveforms? |
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Definition
| amplification, filtering, and signal averaging |
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Term
| The primary anatomical auditory pathway within the brainstem is called the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The brainstem and the auditory cortex are both tonotopic and have a variety of tuning curves. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the professor (S. Smith) which frequency region of the cochlea is activated from a click stimuls? |
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Definition
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Term
| In performing neurodiagnostic ABR, how many milleseconds is considered a significant waveform V interaural difference between ears? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is masking indicated for ABR measurement? |
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Definition
| When the stimulus intensity level exceeds 70dBnHL and a delayed waveform I or V |
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Term
| What is the best stimulus envelope or window to use for frequency-specific ABR (tone bursts or pips) measurements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common type of brainstem pathology found with neurodiagnostic testing procedures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stacked ABR utilizes responses obtained from how many derived bands? |
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Definition
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Term
| ABR latencies first reach adult values at about what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the stimulus used for ASSR? |
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Definition
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Term
| At term birth, the normal wave I to V latency is about how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| In performing stacked ABR, the response obtained is acquired using the ____________________ |
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Definition
| derived frequency band response |
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Term
| What variables might you see in the ABR tracings for patients with retrocochlear lesions? (6 things) |
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Definition
| normal waveform morphology, abnormal waveform morphology, delayed absolute waveform latencies, inconsistent waveform replication, delayed interpeak latencies, interaural waveform V differences between ears |
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Term
| The typical neonatal ABR waveform for a click stimulus at an intensity level greater than 80dBnHL will appear as what? |
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Definition
| Reliable waveforms I and V only. |
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Term
| What is the typical ABR analysis time to be utilized in the evaluation of hearing assessment utilizing a click stimulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| In performing neurodiagnostic ABR studies you should increase the click rate to what speed in order to determine if there is any waveform V deterioration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What terms are used to describe tone bursts in ABR testing? (3 words) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bandpass filter settings that are commonly used in neurodiagnostic ABR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical number of sweeps needed for signal averaging in ABR testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the instructor (S. Smith), the most consistent, most valid method in marking ABR waveforms is using the downward slope. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a click stimulus the alternating polarity is best used because it stimulates the afferent dendrites of the auditory nerve and produces shorter latencies and larger amplitudes. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sensitivity of the neurodiagnostic ABR in detecting tumors |
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Definition
| 30-50% sensitivity for tumors less than 1 cm |
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Term
| The absence of wave V to clicks at an intensity level of 85dBnHL suggest to the audiologist the absence of hearing for the patient. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the waveform morphology typically seen with tone bursts/tone pips 1000Hz or less. |
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Definition
| A broader than normal wave V |
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Term
| ASSR has been shown to be a valuable test modality for neurodiagnostics. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the expected wave V latency of a bone conducted stimulus relative to one by air conduction? |
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Definition
| Bone conduction wave V latency is 0.5 mesc longer |
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Term
| According to the instructor (S. Smith) the click ABR can predict behavioral thresholds within what dB degree of accuracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name or term for Interpeak Latency between waveforms? |
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Definition
| central or brainstem conduction times |
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Term
| The ABR can be utilized to estimate the hearing sensitivity for the frequency range 1000-4000Hz, therefore, obtaining a pure tone audiogram is not necessary or important prior to the test. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| Who officially discovered the ABR in the early 1970's? |
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Definition
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Term
| A normal appearing ABR can be recorded in individuals with low-frequency hearing impairment. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal ABR tracings can be recorded in severe and debillitating cerebral pathology, such as severe traumatic head injury and stroke. TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical wave V latency for an adult at a high click stimulus intensity (such as 85dBnHL)? |
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Definition
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