Term
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Definition
| positive and negative evaluations of people, objects, events and ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that elicits a specific response, and eventually the neutral stimulus elicits that response on its own. |
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Term
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Definition
| the phenomenon by which the greater the exposure that we have to a given stimulus, the more we like it |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of persuasion that occurs when stimuli are presented at a very rapid and unconscious level |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of learning in which behaviour that is rewarded increases, whereas behaviour that is punished decreases |
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Term
| Observational learning/modelling |
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Definition
| a type of learning in which people’s attitudes and behaviour are influenced by watching other people’s attitudes and behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| the implicit and explicit rules that a specific group has for its members on values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours |
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Term
| Theory of planned behaviour |
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Definition
| a theory that describes people’s behaviour caused by their attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control |
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Term
| Prototype/ willingness model |
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Definition
| a model that describes the role of prototypes in influencing a person’s willingness to engage in the behaviour in a given situation |
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Term
| The trans-theoretical model |
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Definition
| a model that views a change in behaviour as a progression through a series of stages, including the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance |
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Term
| Cognitive dissonance theory |
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Definition
| a theory that describes attitude change as occurring in order to reduce the unpleasant arousal people experience when they engage in a behaviour that conflicts with their attitude or when they hold two conflicting attitudes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a model that proposes people experience discomfort whenever they see their behaviour as deviating from some type of important personal or normative standard, but that the strategy they use to reduce this dissonance will depend on what thoughts about the self are currently accessible |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that people infer their attitudes by simply observing their behaviour |
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Term
| Impression management theory |
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Definition
| a theory that individuals try to maintain impressions that are consistent with the perceptions they want to convey |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that describes how people can reduce the arousal cause by cognitive dissonance by affirming a different part of their identities, even if that part is completely unrelated to the cause of the arousal |
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