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Ellis -Atoms and The Periodic Table
Vocabulary
25
Science
9th Grade
03/19/2013

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Cards

Term

 

 

Atom

Definition

 

The smallest unit of matter

[image]

Term

 

Element

Definition

 

A pure substance made on only one type of an atom

 

Term

 

Subatomic Particles

Definition

 

The small parts that create an atom, which include

protons, neutrons and electrons

Term

 

Protons

Definition

 

Postively charged (+)

found in nucleus of an atom with a mass of 1 amu

Term

 

Electrons

Definition

 

Negatively charged (-)

Found orbiting the nucleus

does not have mass

Term

 

Neutrons

Definition

 

Do not have a charge (o)

Found in the nucleus

has 1 amu of mass

Term

 

Atomic Number

Definition

 

The amount of protons an element has.

Determines how the periodic table is arranged.

Term

 

Atomic Mass

Definition

 

Determined by the number of protons and neutrons in an atom (the nucleus)

Term

 

Calculating Neutron #

Definition

Atomic Mass - Atomic #= Amount of neutrons

 

Example for Carbon:

12 amu-6protons = 6N

Term

 

Isotopes

Definition

 

Formed when the neutron # is more/less than normal

Term

 

Ions

Definition

Formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. Creates charged atoms/molecules

Example Na+ and Cl- are ions

Term

 

Valence Electrons

Definition

 

# of electrons in an atoms outermost shell

[image]

Term

 

Periods

Definition

 

The rows in the periodic table

Indicate number of shells/orbitals an atom has

Term

 

Groups

Definition

 

The columns in the periodic table

Indicates # of valence electrons an atom has

Term

 

Reactivity

Definition

 

The likelihood that atoms will bond together

Term

 

Bonding

Definition

 

Energy connections between atoms determined by the number of valence electrons

Term

 

Covalent Bonds

Definition

 

Created when atoms SHARE valence electrons. Carbon  and other non metals creates these types of bonds

Term

 

Ionic Bonds

Definition

 

Created when valence electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another

Group 1 and 7 create these types of bonds

Term

 

Noble Gases

Definition

 

Found in Group 8 and are NON-reactive, meaning they will not create bonds with other atoms

Term

 

Highly Reactive Elements

Definition

 

Will most likely bond. Group 1 and 7 are highly reactive because when they combine they create a full shell

Term

 

 

Acids

Definition

 

Substances with a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). pH range of 1-6

Term

 

Strong Acid

Definition

 

Where most of the substance dissociates (breaks down) into H+ ions. pH range of 1-3 is a strong acid

Term

 

Base (Alkaline)

Definition

 

Substances with a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) pH range of 8-14

Term

 

Strong Base

Definition

Where most of the substance dissociates (breaks down) to create OH- ions.

10 -14 pH is a strong Base

Term

 

pH Scale

Definition

 

The measurement of the amount of H+ (hydrogen ions) found in a substance.

The scale is from 0-14 where 7 is neutral

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