Term
| What is matter? What is made up of matter? |
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Definition
Anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass.
All living things are made up of matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The measure of gravitational force on an object. |
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Term
| What are some examples of matter's physical properties? |
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Definition
| Odor, shape, colo, density, hardness, and texture. Physical properties of matter can be observed and measured without pernamently changing the identity of the matter. |
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Term
| Deffinition of Chemical properties. |
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Definition
| it describes a substance's ability to change into another new sustance as a result of a chemical change. |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom forms when invisible subatomic particles that combine |
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Term
| What is the basic unit of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms can be broken down further into subatomic parictles called....? |
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Definition
| Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
| What are the charges of Protons, Neutrons, and electrons? |
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Definition
Protons are positive
Neutrons are neutral/no charge
Electrons are negative |
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Term
| What is an atomic number? |
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Definition
| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An element is a group of atoms with the same atomic number..... No two elements have the same atomic number |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| Different forms of an atom with different mass numbers. |
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Term
| What does the mass number define? |
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Definition
| It defines the isotope of a particular element. |
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Term
| What is a radioactive isotope? |
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Definition
| The nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time. As they break down they release energy called radiation. |
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Term
| How are radioactive isotopes useful? |
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Definition
| To find the age up rocks/fossils |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. |
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Term
| What are van der Walls forces? |
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Definition
| Intermolecular forces of attraction. Molecules are close together a slight attraction can develop and between the opposit charged regions of nearby molecules. |
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Term
| What is chemical bonding? |
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Definition
| Chemical compounds are formed from individual atoms that comine in a defined process kown as chemical bonding |
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Term
| What is a valence orbital and how many electrons does the 1st,2nd, and 3rd orbital hold? |
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Definition
A valence orbital is the outermost electron orbital of an atom.
1st. 2 electrons
2nd. 8 electrons
3rd. 8 electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| A small number of elemnts naturally have completely filled valence levels. These elements are non reactive gases that form a single family known as the noble gases. |
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Term
| What is acomplished through Chemical bonds? |
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Definition
| All other elements either donate, accept, or share electrons to achieve stability acomplished through chemical bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of electrons from the donor atom to the acceptor atom. |
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Term
| The loss of an electron is positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| The gain of an electron is positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A positivly or negativly charged atoom due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons. |
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Term
| How does an ionic bond form? |
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Definition
| The transfer of an electron to another element produces opposite charged ions that are strongly attracted to one another. They formed a bond between ions called ionic bond. |
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Term
| How does a covalnt bond form? How are they represented? |
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Definition
| When two or more atoms share valence electrons. They are represented by lines. they can be single, double, or triple. One line is one bond |
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Term
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Definition
| The combination of atoms that form covalent bonds. |
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Term
| What is a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| The process in which a chemical change occurs. |
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Term
| In any chemical reaction, there are always two kinds of substances...define them |
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Definition
reactants- elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction.
Product- Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
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Term
| Chemical reactions are generally shown by a.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions that require an input of energy. They will not occur without energy added. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions that release energy during a reaction. |
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Term
| Is the Van der Waals forces strong or weak? |
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Definition
| Individually weak. But have strength in number. |
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Term
| What is radiation? And what atomic numbers are radioactive not radioactive? |
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Definition
| Unstable nuclei of atoms break down and release energy that is called radiation. Some isotopes less than 83 are radioactive but all isotopes of elements that have an atomic mass greater than 83 are radioactive |
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Term
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Definition
| A column of elements in teh periodic table. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each horizontal row of elements in the periodic table. |
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Term
| What dissolves in water and what doesn't? |
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Definition
| Uncharged things won't dissolve in water all other things will |
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Term
| What is the most important property of the water molecule? |
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Definition
| Due to an uneven distributation of electrons, it is slightly charged at each end so water is dipolar. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance being dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance that does the dissolving. |
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Term
| What is the greatest solvent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The even distribution of undissolved material in liquad like oil and blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak bond between hydrogen atom of one water and the oxygen of another water molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attraction of molecules of different substance. |
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Term
| What element makes up a water molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that is charged |
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Term
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Definition
| Weak acids/bases that can react with strong acids/ bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH |
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Term
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Definition
| An ionically bonded compound that releases ions into solutions. |
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Term
| What is the most chemically reactive ion known? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ionically bonded compounds that release hydroxide ions into a solution. |
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Term
| What is the pH scale used to measure? And what is it measuring? |
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Definition
| It is measuring hydrogen ion concentrations. It is used to measure the strength of acids and bases. |
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Term
| What number does the pH scale range from? And what range is the bases and the acids? What do the strong acids/bases range? |
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Definition
The pH scale ranges from 0-14
Acids have a pH less than 7 low as 0
bases have a pH more than 7 up to 14
Strong acids--1-3
Strong bases-- 11-13 |
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Term
| How do you neutralize a reaction? |
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Definition
| Mixing a strong base and strong acid together to turn into salt water |
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Term
| Why don't noble gases form chemical compounds? |
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Definition
| Because these gases have a perfect valence that is full so no electrons need to be added or loosed. |
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