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Atoms and Bonding
Chapter 1 - section 1&2 vocab
23
Chemistry
8th Grade
01/11/2009

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Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Term
Element
Definition
A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.
Term
Compound
Definition
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
Term
Mixture
Definition
Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particle of an element.
Term
Scientific Theory
Definition
A well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations.
Term
Model
Definition
Physical, mental, visual, and other representations of an idea to help people understand a concept that they cannot observe directly.
Term
Electrons
Definition
Negatively charged particles that move around outside the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The central core of the atom, containing protons and usually neutrons.
Term
Protons
Definition
Small, positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Energy level
Definition
The specific amount of energy an electron has.
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Small, uncharged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
The electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions.
Term
Electron dot diagram
Definition
A representation of the valence electrons in an atom, using dots.
Term
Chemical bond
Definition
The force that holds atoms together.
Term
Symbol
Definition
A one- or two letter set of characters that is used to identify an element.
Term
Atomic number
Definition
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Period
Definition
Elements in the same horizontal row of the periodic table.
Term
Group
Definition
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family.
Term
Family
Definition
Elements in the smae vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group.
Term
Noble gas
Definition
An element of Group 18 of the periodic table.
Term
Halogen
Definition
An element belonging to group 17 of the periodic table.
Term
Alkali metal
Definition
An element belonging to Group 1 of the periodic table.
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