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atom/element test
N/A
45
Science
7th Grade
01/17/2010

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Term
Matter
Definition
something that takes up space and has mass
Term
Law of Conservation of Matter
Definition
matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form
Term
Atom
Definition
the smallest part of matter that has the properties of the matter
Term
Nucleus
Definition
center of atom w/ protons and neutrons
Term
Protons
Definition
positive charged particles
Term
Neutrons
Definition
uncharged particles
Term
Electrons
Definition
negative charged particles that orbit the nucleus in an electron cloud
Term
Element
Definition
matter made up of only one kind of atom
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
organizes elements based on physical and chemical properties
Term
Groups
Definition
vertical columns of the periodic table
Term
Periods
Definition
horizontal rows of the periodic table
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
# of protons in each atom of that element
Term
Isotopes
Definition
two or more atoms of the same element that have different # of neutrons in their nuclei
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
# of protons plus # of neutrons in each atom of that element
Term
Metals
Definition
shiny or metallic luster, good conductors of heat and electricity
Term
Nonmetals
Definition
dull in appearances, many are gases at room temp., solids nonmetals are brittle
Term
Metalloids
Definition
has characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Term
Chemical Bond
Definition
when atoms are held together by electrical forces
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
atoms sharing electrons
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
atoms giving up or gaining electrons (called an ion)
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
weak attraction between hydrogen atoms in one compound to another molecule or compound
Term
Molecules
Definition
two or more of the same type of atoms chemically combined, atoms rarely exist in nature by themselves
Term
Compounds
Definition
a substance that is made up of two or more different elements bonded chemically together, Ex.- water (H2O)
Term
Mixture
Definition
when two or more substances (elements or compounds) come together and do not combine to make a new substance, Ex.- muddy water
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
(also called a solution)- you cannot see the different parts of the mixture, Ex.- milk
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
you can see the different parts of the mixture, Ex.- sand and water
Term
Glucose
Definition
simple carbohydrate manufactured by the plant, chemical formula: C6H12O6
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into a usable form of energy (food)
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; used for energy, Ex: glucose
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
green pigment contained a plant’s chloroplast and is used for the process of photosynthesis
Term
Electron Orbital/Shell/Cloud
Definition
layers or orbits surrounding the nucleus where electrons exist
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
occur when elements or compounds interact to form new elements or compounds
Term
Electrostatic Attraction
Definition
the attraction between atoms of opposite charge that holds the atoms together in ionic bonds
Term
Heat of Vaporization
Definition
the amount of heat energy required to convert water from a liquid to a gas
Term
Surface Tension
Definition
result of attraction between molecules of a liquid, which causes the surface of the liquid to act as a thin elastic film
Term
Cohesion
Definition
the force that attracts molecules of the same substance to each other
Term
Adhesion
Definition
the tendency of certain dissimilar molecules to cling together due to attractive forces
Term
Specific Heat
Definition
the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius
Term
Heat of Fusion
Definition
the amount of energy required to transform a substance from a liquid state to a solid state
Term
Solvent
Definition
is a material, usually a liquid, which is capable of dissolving another chemical
Term
Polar
Definition
a molecule with an end with a positive charge and an opposite end with a negative charge; water molecules are polar and the positive end of the molecule attracts the negative end of other water molecules
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
when hydrogen atoms bonded in a compound are attracted to other molecules or compounds
Term
Lipids
Definition
are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, and steroids; used for insulation, energy storage and cell membrane composition
Term
Proteins
Definition
contain chains of amino acids, which form three-dimensional folding structures; used for muscle contraction and transport, oxygen, provide immunity and carry out chemical reactions
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
molecules composed of chemical building blocks known as nucleotides; Ex: DNA and RNA.
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