• Average temp and temp extremes determine climate
• Average precipitation, seasonal distribution and variability
• Other factors wind, humidity, fog, and cloud cover

• Happens 2 times a year
• When the tilt of the Earth's axis is inclined neither away nor towards the Sun
• The center of the Sun being in the same plane as the equator

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• An astronomical event that happens twice each year
• When the Sun's apparent position in the sky, viewed from the Earth, reaches it's northern most and southernmost extremes