Term
| Ataxic Dysarthria is caused by damage to the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebral damage that results in primarily _______ and _________ speech errors |
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Definition
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Term
| Ataxic Dys. speech is often called ..... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the cerebellum do? |
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Definition
- helps time the components of movement
- scale the size of muscle actions and coordinates sequences of muscle contractions for skilled motor behavior |
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Term
| the cerebellum is divided into.... |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the cerebellum located |
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Definition
| below the occipital lobe and attached to the back of the brainstem |
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Term
| how does the cerebellum communicate with the CNS? |
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Definition
| through three bundles of neural tracts called the cerebellar peduncles (inferior, middle, superior) |
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Term
| inferior peduncle allows the cerebellum to monitor the __________ while they are being performed |
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Definition
| timing and force of movements |
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Term
| the cerebellum receives info from ________ |
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Definition
| the entire body (eyes, vestibular system, joints, tendons, and muscles) |
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Term
| the largest of the cerebellar peduncles |
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Definition
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Term
| the middle peduncle connects the __________ with the ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the middle peduncle receives ___________ from the cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| The superior peduncle is the ___________ to the rest of the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| the super peduncle sends ___________________ to the motor areas of the cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| neurons are called _____________ |
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Definition
| cerebellar control circuits |
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Term
| ataxic dysarthria results from _________ or ________ cerebellar disease |
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Definition
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Term
| two ways the cerebellum contributes to speech |
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Definition
- corticocerebellar control circuit
- connections to the extrapyramidal system |
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Term
| Most common signs of cerebellar lesions and ataxia |
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Definition
| - difficulty standing and walking |
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Term
| Etiologies of Ataxic Dysarthria |
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Definition
- Degenerative Disease
- Stroke
- Toxic conditions
- Metabolic Conditions
- Traumatic Head Injury
- Tumors |
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Term
| Symptoms of Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia of late onset |
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Definition
- begins at middle age
- progressive
- retinal degeneration
- muscle rigidity
- Sensorineural deafness
- balance deficits
- dementia
- Terminal (death within several years) |
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Term
| symptoms of idopathic sporadic late-onset cerebellar ataxia |
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Definition
- begins at middle age
- progressive
- ataxic dysarthria
- balance deficits |
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Term
| Symptoms of Friedreich's ataxia |
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Definition
- rare
- beginning in 20's
- progressive
- can affect spinal cord
- gait and dexterity disturbances
- dysarthria (mixed)
- Sensorineural deafness
- few survive past 40s |
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Term
| symptoms of olivopontocerebellar degeneration |
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Definition
- progressive and hereditary
- cerebellar ataxia
- parkinsonian-like symptoms |
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Term
| examples of toxic conditions causing AD |
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Definition
- lead and mercury poisoning
- consumption of alcohol
- exposure to chemicals |
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Term
| Examples of Metabolic conditions causing AD |
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Definition
- prolonged vitamin E or B12 deficiency
- severe cases of hypothyroidism |
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Term
| Characteristics of Traumatic Brain injury causing AD |
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Definition
- diffuse damage
- as a result of twisting and rotational forces
- repeated cerebral injuries (boxers) |
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Term
| Characteristics of Tumors or Neoplasms causing AD |
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Definition
- tumors compress the tissue
- Metastatic (secondary) tumors are the most common |
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Term
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Definition
- typhus, trichinosis, syphilis
- viral infections
- bacterial abscess that compresses the tissue |
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Term
| Speech characteristics of AD |
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Definition
- imprecise consonants
- Excess and equal stress
- Irregular artic breakdown
- Distorted vowels
- harsh voice quality
- prolonged phonemes
- prolonged intervals
- mono-pitch
- mono-loudness
- slow rate |
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Term
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Definition
- artic
- prosody
- Phonation
- respiration |
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Term
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Definition
- timing
- force
- range
- direction of movements
- imprecise consonants (most prevalent)
- distorted vowels
- irregular artic breakdowns (most other dysarthrias are consistent)
- breakdown of complex movements |
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Term
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Definition
- equal and excess stress
- prolonged phonemes
- prolonged intervals
- mono pitch
- mono loudness
- slow rate |
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Term
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Definition
- Harsh voice quality
- voice tremor |
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Term
| Why the harsh voice quality in AD? |
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Definition
| because of the decreased muscle tone in the laryngeal and respiratory structures |
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Term
| Respiration deficits in AD |
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Definition
- uncoordinated movements in respiratory muscles
- exaggerated movements
- paradoxical movements |
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Term
| What can exaggerated respiratory movements lead to in AD? |
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Definition
| excessive loudness variations |
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Term
| Paradoxical respiratory movements in AD |
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Definition
- muscle groups working against each other
- reducing vital capacity + therefore reduces subglottic air pressure
- client speaking on residual air |
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