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Astronomy
Earth, moon and sun
59
Science
8th Grade
11/10/2011

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Term
Astronomy
Definition
The study of themoon, stars, and other objects in space.
Term
Axis
Definition
An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates.
Term
Rotation
Definition
The spinning motion of a planet on its axis.
Term
Revolution
Definition
The movement of an object around another object.
Term
Orbit
Definition
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
Term
Calendar
Definition
A system of organizing time that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of a year.
Term
Solstice
Definition
The two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest dinstance north of south of the equator.
Term
Equinox
Definition
The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.
Term
Phases
Definition
One of the different apparent shapes of the moon as seen from Earth.
Term
Eclipse
Definition
The partial or total blocking of one object in space by another.
Term
Solar Eclipse
Definition
The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth.
Term
Umbra
Definition
The darkest part of a shadow.
Term
Penumbra
Definition
The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.
Term
Lunar Eclipse
Definition
The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and moon.
Term
Telescope
Definition
A device built to observe distant objects by making them apppear closer.
Term
Maria
Definition
These are dark, flat area on the moon's surface.
Term
Craters
Definition
The moon's surface is marked by these large, round pits.
Term
Meteoroids
Definition
Chunks of rock or dust from space.
Term
Mass
Definition
The amount of matter in an object.
Term
Tide
Definition
The periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean.
Term
Weight
Definition
The force of gravity on an object.
Term
Spring Tide
Definition
The tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides.
Term
Inertia
Definition
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Term
Revolution
Definition
The movement of an object around another object.
Term
Force
Definition
A push or a pull exerted on an object.
Term
Neap tide
Definition
The tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides.
Term
Gravity
Definition
The attractive force between objects, its strength depends on their masses and the distance between them.
Term
What did the Egyptians observe in order to know when the Nile river would flood?
Definition
The star Sirius.
Term
Cultures across the world and throughout the ages have studied this to help them with know when to plant crops.
Definition
The skies.
Term
The ancient Egyptians created the first ________. It had 365 days.
Definition
Calendar
Term
Who borrowed the Egyptians calendar but realized there is a 1/4 of a day not included.
Definition
The Romans
Term
Every year this 1/4 of a year adds up to an additional year. We call this a ____________year
Definition
Leap
Term
During a leap year February has how many days?
Definition
29 instead of the regular 28.
Term
Why does Earth have seasons?
Definition
Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees.
Term
The degree of the angle with which light strikes the Earth determines the ___________ of a given area of the Earth.
Definition
Seasons
Term
Which hemisphere does the sunlight arrive at a more direct angle and is more intense?
Definition
northern hemisphere
Term
What is the day and what happens on the summer solstice?
Definition
June 21 and daylight last longer than on any other day of the year.
Term
What is the day and what happens on the winter solstice.
Definition
December 21 and daylight is shorter than on any other day of the year.
Term
Who is the 16th century scientific genius, was the first to define gravity and tho describe it a s a force that acts over long distances between objects that are not in contact.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
Who is the 16th century scientific genius to be the first to define gravity and to describe it as a force that acts over long distances between objects that are not in contact.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
The strength and the force of gravity between two objects depends on what two factors?
Definition
Masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Term
What does Isaac Newtons First Law of Motion state?
Definition
An object at rest will stay at rest and an object inmotion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction wunless acted on by a force.
Term
True or False. The moon revolves around the Earth and also rotates on its own axis.
Definition
True
Term
True or False. The moon revolves around the Earth and also rotates on its own axis.
Definition
True
Term
True or False. The same side of the moon always faces the Earth.
Definition
True
Term
The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the ________side of the moon faces Earth.
Definition
Sunlit
Term
When the moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon what happens?
Definition
An eclipse occurs
Term
What are the two different kind of eclipses?
Definition
Solar and lunar
Term
This happens when a new moon blocks your view of the sun.
Definition
Solar eclipse
Term
The sun is completely blocked for people who are in __________and they experience a total eclipse.
Definition
Umbra
Term
During a solar eclipse, people in the ___________ see only a partial eclipse.
Definition
Penumbra
Term
Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon, the moon is in the Earth's shadow. What is this?
Definition
Lunar eclipse
Term
These are caused mainly by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of Earth.
Definition
Tides
Term
True or False. The water rises for 6 hours then falls for 6 hours.
Definition
True
Term
What are tides determined by?
Definition
The position of the moon and sun relative to Earth.
Term
Who was the first person to use a telescope to observe the moon?
Definition
Galileo
Term
Galileo was able to see the variety of remarkable formations on what surface?
Definition
the moon
Term
Does the moon have water?
Definition
It has no liquid water but there is evidence of ice near the poles of the moon.
Term
What is the theory as to how the moon was formed?
Definition
Scientists theorize that a planet-sized object collided with Earth to form the moon.
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