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Young's "Double Slit" Expirement: Bright Bands |
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| where light waves from the two slits reinforce each other |
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Young's "Double Slit" Expirement: Dark Bands |
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| where light waves from the two slits cancel |
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| different colours in light have... |
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| light travels at a speed of... |
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| does light have an infinate amount of speed? |
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| is light electromagnetic radiation? |
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| light periodically changes in strengths of what? |
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| electric and magnetic fields |
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| light travels through a vaccuum at what speed? |
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| light doesn't need a ______ to "wave" in |
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| the speed of light is a _______ for all light waves |
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what are the 3 #'s light waves are characterized by and what is the formula? |
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#1-wavelength; λ(size of wave) #2- frequency; f (# of waves/sec) #3- wave speed (c) c=λ f |
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| since c is the same for all light waves, longer λ means... |
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| wavelength and frequency are related how? |
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| a dense, hot object emits according to... |
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| temperature determines... |
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brightness and colour (λ at which most light is emitted) |
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from hot to hottest, what is the colour emitted typically? |
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| hot=red, hotter= redish-orange, hottest=white-yellow |
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Term
| absolute temperature at high temperatures = |
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Definition
| atoms + molecules move very rapidly |
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| absolute temperature at cooler temperatures = |
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| atoms + molecules move more slowly |
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| if temperature is cold enough, all motion... |
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| what does absolute zero correspond to? |
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-273° C Physically unobtainable ultimate lower limit |
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| absorbe everything, reflect nothing. light coming out depends on temperature only. |
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| peak wavelength and temperature |
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| what colour are hotter objects? |
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| what colour are cooler objects? |
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| as temperature increases... |
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the wavelength of maximum emission of a black-body is inversely proportional to it's temperature in Kelvins |
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Stefan - Boltzmann's Law: Flux from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of the objects temperature |
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| Hotter objects are ______ at ______wavelengths and ______. |
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(1) brighter (2) all (3) bluer |
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| photons are a ______ particle that carries energy at the speed __________ |
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| higher frequencies mean... |
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| electromagnetic spectrum: |
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| photon energies high to low |
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| low energy=low frequency= |
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| high energy=high frequency= |
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| particle nature of light explains: |
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| ultra violet light dislodges electrons out of metal (generates electricity) |
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| each energy has its own set of unique... |
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| you can tell elements apart by their... |
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| isotopes show the same _____ , but slightly shifted in ________ |
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Kirchoff's Laws: #1 A hot, solid or hot, dense gas produces a ____ #2 A hot, low-density gas produces an__________ #3 A continuous spectrum source viewed through a cooler, low-density gas produces an________ |
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Definition
#1- continuous spectrum #2- emission-line spectrum #3- absorbtion-line spectrum |
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| for a particular gas, the wavelength of a ___________ are the same as a __________. |
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(1) absorption line (2) emission line |
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| From emission or absorbtion lines in an objects spectrum we can learn 4 things |
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1) which elements are present and in what proportions 2) which elements are ionized, in whole or a part 3) which molecules are present 4)gas temperature, pressure and density |
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| small dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons |
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| electrons can only orbit... |
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| Each orbital corresponds to a _____ _____ or the orbiting electron. |
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| if an electron does not have exactly the right energy... |
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| it cannot be in an orbital |
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| spectral lines are proceded when... |
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Definition
| an electron jumps from one energy level to another within an atom |
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| In the Bohr Model, electrons have discrete orbits. This model helped explain what? |
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Definition
| the emission and absorbtion lines |
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| more light at specific wavelength |
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| more light at specific wavelengths |
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| less light at specific wavelengths |
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| an electron jumps from a higher to lower energy orbital |
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| an emission line emits how many photons |
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only 1 with the exact amount of energy difference between orbitals |
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| emission lines get bigger jumps when they... |
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| emit higher energy (bluer) photons |
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| when an electron absorbs a photon with exactly the energy needed to jump from a lower to a higher orbital |
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| photons are absorbed only with... |
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| the exact excitation energy |
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| The Doppler Effect Formula: |
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| If an object is moving towards the observer, its spectrum appears: |
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| blue-shifted wavelengths of an objects spectral line appear... |
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| if an object is moving away from the observer, the spectrum appears |
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| red-shifted wavelengths of an objects spectral line appear... |
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