Term
| If the moon is rising at night, the phase of the Moon must be...? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| True or False. If you lived on the moon, you would see full earth when we on earth see new moon. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If the moon is setting at 6 AM, the phase of the moon must be...? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False.
If Earth's axis tilt was significantly greater than its current 23.5 degrees, but earth's rotation period and orbital period were unchanged, the length of each season (for example, the number of days from the summer solstice to the fall equinox) would be significantly longer than it is now. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| True or False. It is summer in the northern hemisphere when it is winter in the southern hemisphere because the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and receives more direct snlight. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the phase of the moon is new, and the nodes of the moon's orbit are nearly aligned with the earth and sun, conditions are right for what type of event? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two names for the star directly on your northern horizon? |
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Definition
| Polaris is the star's name, but it is commonly called the North Star. |
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Term
| If we have a new moon today, how long will it take until the next full moon? |
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Definition
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Term
| On the scale of the cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed to 1 year, how long has human civilization (i.e., since ancient Egypt) existed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative to the age of the universe, how old is our solar system? |
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Definition
| Our solar system is about 1/3 the age of the universe. |
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Term
Put the following in the correct "cosmic address" order:
Earth
Local Group
Local Supercluster
Milky Way Galaxy
Solar System
Universe
You |
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Definition
Your cosmic address is:
You, Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Supercluster, Universe |
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Term
Which of the following is the smallest?
a) Size of a typical star
b) Size of a typical planet
c) 1 light-second
d) 1 AU |
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Definition
| The smallest of the items listed is c) a light-second |
|
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Term
| Imagine another solar system, with a star of the same mass as our Sun. Suppose a planet with a mass twice that of Earth (2MEarth)orbits at a distance of 1 AU from the star. What is the orbital period of this planet? |
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Definition
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Term
| The force due to gravity between two objects can be described using the equation Fg= G M1 M2/d2. According to this equation, if the distance between two objects increases, what happens to the gravitational force between them? (see p. 110) |
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Definition
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Term
| Who showed that Kepler's laws are natural consequences of the law of universal gravitation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe? |
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Definition
| To explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward, relative to the stars in our sky. |
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Term
| From Kepler's third law, a hypothetical planet that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth should have a period of how many Earth years? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| True or False. The semimajor axis of an ellipse is half the length of the longest line that you can draw across an ellipse. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. A circle is considered to be a special type of ellipse. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. An ellipse with a large eccentricity looks much more elongated (stretched out) than an ellipse with a small eccentricity. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The focus of an ellipse is always located precisely at the center of the ellipse. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Copernicus' key contribution to astronomy? |
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Definition
| Copernicus created a detailed model of our solar system with the Sun rather than the Earth at the center. |
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Term
Galileo observed all of the following:
a) four moons of Jupiter
b) phases of Venus
c) The Milky Way is composed of many individual stars.
d) Patterns of shadow and sunlight near the dividing line between the light and dark positions of the Moon's face.
Which of the observations offered direct proof of a planet orbiting the Sun? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What was Tycho Brahe's great contribution to astronomy? |
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Definition
| Brahe observed planetary positions with sufficient accuracy that Kepler could later use the data to discover the laws of planetary motion. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler's Laws, nor a direct consequence of one or more of them?
a) The orbit of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
b) More distant planets orbit the Sun at slower speeds.
c) As a planet moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
d) The force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers. |
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Definition
| The one that is NOT related to Kepler's Laws is d) The force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers. |
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Term
| True or False. The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to the wavelength and proportional to the frequency. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The energy of a photon is proportional to the wavelength and proportional to its frequency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to the wavelength and inversely proportional to the frequency. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The energy of a photon is proportional to the wavelength and inversely proportional to the frequency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A star acts like a perfect blackbody and emits in all wavelengths. Before it reaches an observer, the light from this star passes through a cool gas cloud containing a large amount of helium. What will the observer detect? |
|
Definition
| An absorption spectrum with helium lines missing. |
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Term
| True or False. Infrared light can only be observed from space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. Visible light can only be observed from space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. Radio light can only be observed from space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. Gamma rays can only be observed from space. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| [research professor's preferred verbiage] |
|
|
Term
| State Newton's second law |
|
Definition
| [research professor's preferred verbiage] |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| [research professor's preferred verbiage] |
|
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Term
| True or False. Hot, dense, glowing bodies emit radiation at all wavelengths. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| True or False. Hot, dense, glowing bodies emit only radiation corresponding to the visible part of the spectrum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The hotter hot, dense, glowing bodies are, the redder they are. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False. The spectrum of hot, dense, glowing bodies depends uniquely on their chemical composition. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
[image]
True or False.
According to Universal Gravitation (see formula), if a person were on a planet having the mass of the Earth but double its diameter the person's weight would be decreased by 4 times. |
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Definition
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Term
Object A has 5 times the mass as Object B. You hit both of them with the same force.
True or False: Object A will be accelerated 5 times more than Object B. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Object A has 5 times the mass as Object B. You hit both of them with the same force.
True or False: Object B will be accelerated 5 times more than Object A. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Object A has 5 times the mass as Object B. You hit both of them with the same force.
True or False: Object A will be accelerated 25 times more than Object B |
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Definition
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|
Term
Object A has 5 times the mass as Object B. You hit both of them with the same force.
True or False: Object B will be accelerated 25 times more than Object A |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Object A has 5 times the mass as Object B. You hit both of them with the same force.
True or False: The relative acceleration of the two objects can not be determined with the information given. |
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Definition
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Term
Two photons zoom across the universe. One of them is an ultraviolet photon, while the other is a microwave photon.
True or False: They have the same speed. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Two photons zoom across the universe. One of them is an ultraviolet photon, while the other is a microwave photon.
True or False: The microwave photon has the greater speed, since it has a longer wavelength. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Two photons zoom across the universe. One of them is an ultraviolet photon, while the other is a microwave photon.
True or False: The relative speed of the two photons cannot be determined with the information provided. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Two photons zoom across the universe. One of them is an ultraviolet photon, while the other is a microwave photon.
True or False: The ultraviolet photon has greater speed because it has higher energy. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
To go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an electron can lose its kinetic energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
To go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an electron can exchange gravitational potential energy for kinetic energy. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
To go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an electron can release a photon equal in energy to its own energy drop. |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False.
To go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an electron can absorb a photon equal in energy to its own energy drop. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True or False.
To go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an electron can lose gravitational potential energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Grass is green because it absorbs green light, reflecting all other colors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The wavelength of a wave is equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The wavelength of a wave is how strong the wave is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How far back can we see in time? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Order the following from the smallest to the largest:
Earth
Moon
Orion's Nebula
Solar System
Universe |
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Definition
| Moon < Earth < Orion's Nebula < Solar System < Universe |
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Term
True or False.
There are 5 different types of orbits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Circle is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Ellipse is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Parabola is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Hyperbola is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Ebola is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
| False. Ebola is a disease. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Superbola is one type of orbit. |
|
Definition
| False. The Super Bowl is a football game. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
When the Moon blocks a part of all of the Sun, we call it a lunar eclipse. |
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Definition
| False. Because the Sun is what is blocked, that is a Solar Eclipse. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
When the Moon is in the Earth's shadow, we call it a Solar Eclipse. |
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Definition
| False. Because the Moon is what is blocked, that is a Lunar Eclipse. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Mercury is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Venus is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Mars is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Jupiter is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Saturn is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Neptune is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Uranus is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Pluto is visible to the naked eye on most nights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
The first astronomer to propose a Heliocentric model of the universe was Newton. |
|
Definition
| False. It was Copernicus. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
According to Kepler's Laws, distance affects the gravitational force between celestial bodies. |
|
Definition
| False. Distance does NOT affect the gravitational force between celestial bodies. |
|
|
Term
| What is used to measure the distance of nearby stars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
A light year is a measure of the time it takes for light to travel one million miles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
A light year is a measure of the age of a star based on how long it has transmitted light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
A light year is a measurement of the distance that light travels in a year. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Retrograde motion is a forward drift. |
|
Definition
| False. Retrograde motion is a backward drift. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Prograde motion is a backward drift. |
|
Definition
| False. Prograde motion is a forward drift. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Kepler's Laws applied only to bound orbits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Newton's gravity included unbound orbits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Kepler's Laws do not show mass relations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Newton's gravity theories calculated the mass of objects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What affect, visible to the naked eye, results from the sun's wavelengths being scattered by the earth's ozone layer, and is affected by pollution in the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| The sun's color turning from bright white to deep orange/red during some sunsets. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
A blackbody object is a celestial object that emits radiation in all colors of visible light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
A blackbody object is a celestial object that emits no radiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Kepler's 2nd law? |
|
Definition
| The line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps through equal areas in equal times. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
A lunar eclipse can occur during any phase of the Moon. |
|
Definition
| False. A full moon is required for a lunar eclipse to occur. |
|
|
Term
| What did Newton invent in order to derive Kepler's Laws and thus prove them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Kepler's 1st law state? |
|
Definition
| The planets orbit the sun in ellipses, with the sun at one focus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Doppler effect? |
|
Definition
| The Doppler effect is a change in wavelength of light caused by an object's motion along a line toward or away from you. If you and the object are receding from each other, the object's spectrum appears redshifted, while blueshifts are seen if you and the object are approaching each other. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Infrared light can travel through Earth's window of transparency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Radio waves can travel through Earth's window of transparency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Visible light can travel through Earth's window of transparency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Invisible light can travel through Earth's window of transparency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which law says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
One of Galileo's major discoveries was that Venus passes through phases similar to the Moon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
One of Galileo's major discoveries was the discovery of Jupiter's moons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
One of Galileo's major discoveries was that the Earth itself may be in motion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
One of Galileo's major discoveries was that the Moon orbits the Earth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Red has a shorter wavelength than violet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Violet has a shorter wavelength than red. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a telescope has an eyepiece on the side, is it Newtonian or Cassegrain? |
|
Definition
| Newtonian telescopes have the eyepiece on the side. |
|
|
Term
| If a telescope has an eyepiece in the center, is it Newtonian or Cassegrain? |
|
Definition
| Cassegrain telescope have the eyepiece in the center. |
|
|
Term
There are three types of Spectra. Which is NOT one of the types?
a) Continuous Spectrum
b) Emulsified Spectrum
c) Emission Spectrum
d) Absorption Spectrum |
|
Definition
| b) Emulsified Spectrum does not exist. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
When light travels through low density clouds, it is highly reflected. |
|
Definition
| False. The light is absorbed into the low density cloud(s) and does NOT get reflected. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the law that explains how the peak wavelength (color) of electromagnetic radiation from a glowing blackbody changes with temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Astrology is the scientific study of living celestial bodies. |
|
Definition
| False. Astrology is the term for horoscopes, and is not considered a real science. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Approximately 14 billion years ago, the sun was born from gases. |
|
Definition
| False. Our Sun was only born about 5 billion years ago. |
|
|
Term
True or False.
Hotter blackbody objects have redder light and more light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Hotter blackbody objects have bluer light and more light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Hotter blackbody objects have bluer light and less light. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False.
Hotter blackbody objects have redder light and less light. |
|
Definition
|
|
