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Asthma
Downstate > MS2 Respiratory Block > Asthma
20
Medical
Graduate
02/12/2011

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Cards

Term
4 components that define asthma
Definition
inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling
Term
LTB4
Definition
leukotriene-B4, produced by mast cells; recruits PMNs
Term
asthma: predominant effector cells? Th2 or Th1?
Definition
eosinophils, Th2
Term
effects of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
Definition
IL-4: IgE, Th2
IL-5: eosinophils
IL-13: IgE, eosinophils
Term
how do epithelial cells contribute to asthma?
Definition
produce chemokines that damage epithelium; also produce NO to cause vasodilation
Term
causes of IgE-independent bronchoconstriction (3)
Definition
aspirin, exercise, cold
Term
how does an allergen cause bronchoconstriction?
Definition
allergen binds to IgE on mast cell -> release of leukotrienes, histamine, and prostaglandins -> bronchoconstriction (late phase)
Term
what contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness? (3)
Definition
increased vagal tone, chronic inflammation, increased smooth m. cells
Term
5 changes that occur in airway remodeling
Definition
thickening of sub-basement membrane, hypertrophy of smooth m. cells, hypertrophy of mucosal glands and goblet cells, new blood vessel growth, and fibrosis
Term
which helper T cell subset predominates at birth?
Definition
Th2
Term
environmental factors that favor Th2
Definition
Western, diet, urban, antbiotics
Term
environmental factors that favor Th1
Definition
siblings, day care, rural, infections
Term
PFTs in intermittent vs. severe asthma
Definition
intermittent asthma: no change in PFTs
moderate to severe asthma: reduced PEF, AHR+, reduced lung volumes if there is air trapping
Term
propellant in MDIs
Definition
HFA
Term
autoinhaler MDI
Definition
pirbuterol
Term
pros and cons of MDI
Definition
(+): few side effects, lower dosage required, direct delivery, rapid onset
(-): user-dependent, cold freon effect, CFCs
Term
pros and cons of DPI
Definition
(+): easy to use, breath activated, no propellant
(-): requires patient's breathing capacity
Term
pros and cons of nebulizers
Definition
(+): easy to use, indicated for children and elderly, easy to teach
(-): requires power source and regular maintenance; increases risk of airborne infections
Term
2 types of nebulizers
Definition
compressed air jet, ultrasonic
Term
which asthma drug delivery instrument is most commonly found in the ER?
Definition
nebulizer
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