The lithosphere of a planet is

its cool, rigid outer layer of rock

Which of the following four processes that shape 

a planet's surface involves folding and deformation

 of that surface?

tectonism

The type of seismic waves that can pass through 

the liquid part of Earth's core is the 

P-waves (sometimes called "push-waves")

The density of rock is typically 3 g/cm3, while that 

of metal is more like 9 g/cm3. The terrestrial 

planets have metal cores and rock mantles 

because of 

differentiation

The tides that occur when the Moon is at first or 

third quarter are called 

neap tides

According to Wien's Law, if the temperature of a 

source of thermal (also called blackbody) radiation

 is doubled, the wavelength where it radiates most

 intensely 

is cut in half (reduced by a factor of 2)

On which planet(s) is/are there plate tectonics (as

 far as we know now)?

Earth only

A large planet with a thin lithosphere would be 

expected to be geologically 

highly active

Which of the following gases is most likely to be 

the main component of a planet's secondary 

atmosphere?

carbon dioxide

Consider a planet that is cool and has a high 

escape velocity. Which kind of atmosphere will it 

have?

 a thick atmosphere, with both light and heavy gases

Suppose an icy planet with dark rock underneath suffered an impact that vaporized all the ice and the vapor escaped. What would happen to its albedo?

It would go way down

Which of the following planets would have the 

lowest equilibrium temperature if each is at an 

identical distance from a star exactly like the Sun?

one with a very high albedo

Which of the following planets has the strongest 

greenhouse effect at the present time?

Venus

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

Which of the following is not a necessary element 

of the dynamo mechanism that is responsible for a

 planet's magnetic field?

a magnetic metal such as solid iron, as in a bar magnet

The terrestrial planet that has global dust storms 

because of its strong winds is

If we say that Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants 

while Uranus and Neptune are ice giants, it means 

that 

Jupiter and Saturn have more hydrogen and helium and less volatiles (hydrogen compounds) than Uranus and Neptune

The jovian planets are flattened into an oblate 

shape by 

centrifugal force caused by rotation

Starting at the center and going outwards, Saturn 

consists mainly of 

 a rocky core, a liquid metallic hydrogen zone, a liquid molecular hydrogen zone, and a gaseous outer layer

The electrically conducting fluid that is believed to 

be responsible for the magnetic fields of Uranus 

and Neptune is

salty water -- water in which salt has dissolved to form ions

The small gaps in Saturn's ring system are 

maintained by 

small gap moons

From their albedos, their reflection spectra, and 

certain orbital clues the asteroids can be linked to 

meteorites 

The difference between a planet and a dwarf 

planet is that by definition a planet 

clears out the space near its orbit while a dwarf planet doesn't 

Pluto's mean density of 2 g/cm3 is fairly typical of 

dwarf planets and is consistent with a composition 

of 

comparable amounts of rock and ice

Which of the following classes of objects is found in

 both the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt?

The Kirkwood gaps in the distribution of asteroid 

semimajor axes are explained by 

chaos theory causing large variations in orbital eccentricity for certain resonance orbits 

Carbonaceous chondrites are a type of meteorite 

that has organic compounds and volatiles. The fact

 that they have retained those things since 

formation implies that they never experienced 

heating and therefore belong to the category of

primitive meteorites 

Which type of asteroid is associated with iron 

meteorites?

The ion tail of a comet points straight away from 

the Sun because it is acted on by 

A meteor shower is associated with

 a trail of debris left along a comet's orbit as its ices sublimate 

What category of geological activity does Io 

exemplify?

definitely active today

The heating that drives volcanism on Io is

tidal friction from body tides because of its eccentric orbit 

Cryovolcanism is volcanic activity

that can happen at low temperatures with ice and liquid water

The farther away a star is, assuming its intrinsic 

brightness doesn't change, 

the larger its apparent magnitude 

Which of the following stars has the lowest surface 

temperature?

Harvard type K

The farther away a star is 

the smaller its trigonometric parallax will be 

An absorption line in a star's spectrum is produced 

by 

bound electrons absorbing up photons of a certain energy to go from a lower energy level to a higher one

Which kind of spectrum is produced by a hot 

low-density gas cloud all by itself?

an emission-line spectrum 

Which of the following stars will have the longest 

main-sequence lifetime?

0.2 solar mass

In the H-R diagram, the largest stars are to be 

found in which region?