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| mass of sun, radius ~ 10km, density like atomic nucleus, huge gravity at surface |
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| rotating magnetized neutron stars |
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| probably related to strong electric, magnetic fields at magnetic poles. |
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| accreted gas channeled to magnetic poles, “pulsar” by lighthouse effect if magnetic axis is tilted with respect to the spin axis |
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| neutron stars with magnetic fields 100 to 1000 times stronger than the Crab nebula pulsar. |
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objects that emit intense bursts of low energy gamma rays and X-rays for a
few minutes every few years. Periodic “pulses” after the initial flash. Observed spin-down rates imply
they are magnetars. One soft gamma-ray repeater actually caused aurorae and interfered with terrestrial radio communications August 1998, another flared on the far side of our Galaxy, and was detected on December 27, 2004. |
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| "there is no “force” of gravity. Matter curves space and curved space tells matter how to move." |
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| determined by the number of mutually perpendicular directions in a given space |
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the process of constructing a straight line; by extending a line segment parallel to itself. Guaranteed to produce the shortest distance between starting, ending points. Works in curved as
well as flat space. |
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| a method of reducing a three (or higher) dimensional space to two-dimensional space that preserves the basic geometry and curvature of the original space. This allows us to “see” the curvature. |
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Since nothing with velocity less than or equal to the speed of light can pass backward through an event horizon, the information that an event occurred cannot pass through, so an event on the
wrong side of an event horizon can never be known to an observer on the opposite side, hence the name. |
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region in center of black hole where ordinary space and time cannot exist because of severe
space time curvature and quantum uncertainty. The boundary of physics as we currently know it. |
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tend to draw any object into a “noodle” shape for two reasons: the force closer to the center is
stronger and because two separated points the same distance from the hole tend to approach one another
as they both try to fall directly toward the center. |
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| space with more dimensions than the one under consideration |
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