Shared Flashcard Set

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Assessment
Test 3
113
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
03/30/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
3 layers of skin
Definition
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
Term
epidermal appendages
Definition
hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails
Term
functions of skin
Definition
protection, barrier, perception, temperature regulation, identification and communication, wound repair, absorbtion and excretion, production of vitamin d
Term
what most easliy affects aging, and how?
Definition
skin, because of loss of elastin, collagen and subcuatneous fat, number of sweat and sebaceous glands, and environmental factors accentuate aging
Term
what happens when hair ages?
Definition
their is a loss of melanocytes
Term
what happens to nails when aging?
Definition
they grow more slowly
Term
what makes skin darker?
Definition
melanin, which protects against UV rays
Term
which parts of the skin are affected by hormones?
Definition
mipples, areola, scrotum, labia majora
Term
true or false: race affects body odor
Definition
true
Term
what layer of the skin are new cells created?
Definition
epidermis
Term
what layer of the skin is avascular?
Definition
epidermis
Term
which layer of the skin is composed mainly of connective tissue?
Definition
dermis
Term
what is the role of the subcutaneous layer?
Definition
is contains fat tissue for energy, insulation, and cushion
Term
which part of the nail is where new cells are formed?
Definition
lunula
Term
what types of infections may be indicated in the nails?
Definition
fungal infections, endocrine disorders, nutritional disorders, poor circulation
Term
what is the role of sunlight for the body?
Definition
it converts cholesterol to vitamin d in the skin
Term
which ethnicities are known to have less body odor?
Definition
Asians and Indians
Term
What is 20x more common in caucasians?
Definition
melanoma
Term
how have the inuit race adapted to colder weather?
Definition
they sweat more on the face rather than the body
Term
which skin conditions are more common in blacks?
Definition
keyloids and pigment disorders
Term
what is pruritus?
Definition
itching
Term
subjective questions to ask the patient
Definition
history of skin disease? change in pigmentation? mole? dryness or moisture? itching? bruising? rash or lesion? medications? hair loss? change in nails? envir. or occup. hazards? self-care behaviors? delay in wound healing? pain? frequent falls? changes in feet/toenails? diabetes or peripheral vascualr disease?
Term
how to prepare for skin exam
Definition
make sure there are no external variables that influence skin color
Term
equipment needed for skin exam
Definition
good lighting, small cm ruler, penlight, gloves
Term
steps in PA inspect and palpate
Definition
color, temperature, moisture, texture, thickness, edema, mobility and turgor, vascualrity or bruising, lesions, hair, nails
Term
what to check for skin color
Definition
pallor, erythema, cyanosis, jaundice
Term
what to check for temperature
Definition
hypo and hyperthermia
Term
what to check for skin moisture
Definition
diaphoresis and dehydration
Term
what to check for edema of the skin
Definition
is it generalized? bilateral or unilateral? grade of 1-4
Term
skin mobility
Definition
how easliy skin rises
Term
skin turgor
Definition
how quickly skin returns after rising
Term
what to check for in lesions
Definition
color, elevation, pattern or shape, size, location, distribution, exudate
Term
hershitism
Definition
endocrine disorder that leads to extra, or shaggy hair
Term
what to check for with hair
Definition
color, texture, distribution, lesions
Term
hat to check for with nails
Definition
shape and contour, profile sign, consistency, color, capillary refill
Term
what is the normal and pre-clubbing degree markers?
Definition
normal- 160 pre-clubbing- 180
Term
ABCDE reule of self examination
Definition
Assymetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation and elargement
Term
what are some common skin, hair, and nail problems with againg adults?
Definition
senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis, moisture, skin tags, thickness, mobility and turgor, gray hair, loss of hair, brittle nails
Term
nevi
Definition
mole
Term
use of tanning bed once a month increases your chance to have melignant melanoma by ___%
Definition
55%
Term
how fast should capillary refill be in the fingertips?
Definition
less than 2 seconds
Term
clubbing is a sign of ____
Definition
respiratory or heart problems
Term
lesions caused by trauma or abuse
Definition
pattern injury, hematoma, ecchymosis (large bruise)
Term
C1, C2, and C7
Definition
atlas, axis, and cervical protuberance
Term
10 lymphatic locations
Definition
preauricular, posterior auricular, occipital, submental, submandibular, jugulodigastric, superficial cervical, deep cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular
Term
subjective head, face neck questions to ask the patient
Definition
headache? head injury? dizziness? neck pain? lumps or swelling? history of lumps or swelling?
Term
additional subjective health history questions to ask aging adult about head, face, and neck
Definition
if dizziness, how does it affect daily activities? can you drive safely? can you move around your house safely? does neck pain affect daily activities?
Term
physical exam of head and neck
Definition
skull size and shape, temporal area, facial structures, symmetry of neck, range of motion, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid gland, CN5 trigeminal ( motor and sensory with clench teeth and cotton ball, CN7 facial (eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks, and taste on front 2/3), CN11 accessory (shrug shoulders, turn head)
Term
lymphadenopathy
Definition
lymph node larger than 1 cm
Term
4 places to palpate lymph nodes
Definition
head and neck, axilla, epitrochlear (arm), and inguinal
Term
what to do if thyroid is enlarged
Definition
listen for bruit (turbulent blood flow) through bell of stethescope
Term
head, face, and neck observations is aging adult
Definition
temporal arteries may look twisted and prominent, senile tremors, lost teeth may make lower face look smaller, slow range of motion
Term
what is the outer layer of the eye?
Definition
sclera
Term
what is the middle layer of the eye and its components?
Definition
choroid - ciliary body, iris, pupil, lens, anterior chamber
Term
what is the inner layer of the eye and its components?
Definition
retina- optic disc, retinal vessels, macula
Term
pupillary light reflex
Definition
constriction of the pupil when bright light shines on the retina
Term
fixation
Definition
reflex direction of the eyes toward an object attracting a person's attention
Term
accommodation
Definition
adaptation of the eye for near vision
Term
things to check for in eye exam of aging adults
Definition
cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration
Term
cataracts
Definition
opacity of the lens
Term
glaucoma
Definition
increased intraocular pressure; affects peripheral vision; more common in african americans
Term
macular degeneration
Definition
breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina; affect central vision; more common in caucasians
Term
conjugate movement
Definition
when the eyes move together
Term
pink eye
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva
Term
presbyopia
Definition
decrease in elasticity of eye, which alters vision; can't see up close; happens to most adults around 40
Term
subjective questions to ask the patient in an eye exam
Definition
vision difficulty? pain? strabismus? diplopia? redness? swelling? watering, discharge? history? glaucoma? glasses or contact lenses? self care behaviors
Term
additional subjective questions to ask aging adult in eye exam
Definition
glaucoma test? cataracts? eye dryness? decreased activities?
Term
physical eye exam
Definition
central vision (snellen eye chart), visual fields (confrontation test), extraocular muscle function (corneal light reflex, cover test, diagnostic positions test), inspect external occular strcutures (eyebrow, eyelid, lashes, eyeball, conjunctiva, sclera, lacrimal apparatus), inspect anterior eyeball (cornea, lens, iris, pupil (pupillary light reflex, size and shape, accommodation), ocular fundus
Term
observasions that may be made in eye exam of aging adult
Definition
decrease in central acuity, decrease in eyebrow follicles, wrinkles or crows feet, decrease in tear production, loss of orbital fat, arcus senilis (cloudy cornea), less shine in retinal structures
Term
Cranial nerves checked with the eye
Definition
3- occulomotor, 4-trochlear, 6-abducens
Term
normal pupil size
Definition
3-5 mm
Term
PERRLA
Definition
Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light, Accomodate
Term
ptosis
Definition
drooping of eyelid
Term
lid lag
Definition
eyelid doesn't cover the top part of the iris
Term
what makes up the external ear?
Definition
external auditory canal, tympanic membrane
Term
what makes up the middle ear?
Definition
malleus, incus, stapes, eustachian tube
Term
what makes up the inner ear?
Definition
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
Term
levels of auditory system
Definition
peripheral, brainstem, cerebral cortex
Term
two types of hearing loss
Definition
conductive, sensorineural (perceptive)
Term
changes in the ear of an aging adult
Definition
otosclerosis, cilia become coarse and stiff, cerumen accumulate, prebycusis
Term
sunbjective ear questions
Definition
earaches, infections, discharge, hearing loss, environmental noise, tinnitus, vertigo, self-care behaviors
Term
preparation for an ear exam
Definition
position, clean the ear canal
Term
equipment needed for an ear exam
Definition
otoscope, tuning fork
Term
physical ear exam
Definition
external ear (size, shape, skin, tenderness, external auditory meatus),otoscopic exam (external canal, tympanic membrane), test hearing acuity (conversational speech, whisper test, weber test, rinne test)
Term
preparation for eye exam
Definition
position: standing for vision screening, sitting at eye level
Term
equipment needed for eye exam
Definition
snellen eye chart, handheld visual screening, occulder, penlight, opthalmoscope
Term
function of brainstem and cerebral cortex in hearing
Definition
where is sound and what is sound
Term
conductive hearing loss
Definition
vibrations better in damaged ear
Term
sensorineural hearing loss
Definition
sound goes to better ear
Term
what makes up the nasal cavity?
Definition
septum, turbinates
Term
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
Definition
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid
Term
what makes up the mouth?
Definition
hard and soft palates, uvula, tongue
Term
what are the 4 salivary glands?
Definition
parotid, submandibular, sublingual, teeth
Term
what makes up the throat?
Definition
oropharynx, tonsils, masopharynx
Term
what happens to the mouth, nose, throat in an aging adult?
Definition
diminished smell and tatse, atrophic tissues, dental changes
Term
subjective nose questions to ask the patient
Definition
discharge? frequent colds? sinus pain? trauma? epistaxis? allergies? altered smell?
Term
subjective mouth and throat questions to ask the patient
Definition
sores or lesions? sore throat? bleeding gums? toothache? hoarseness? dysphagia? altered taste? smoking? alcohol? self-care behaviors?
Term
equipment needed for nose, mouth, and throat exam
Definition
otoscope, penlight, tongue blades, gloves
Term
nose, mouth, and throat exam
Definition
external nose, nasal cavity (nasal septum, turbinates), sinus areas, lips, teeth and gums, tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, uvula, tonsils, posterior pharyngeal wall
Term
changes in nose, mouth, and throat in an aging adult
Definition
loss of subcutaneous fat, gums receding, papillary atrophy (smmoth tongue), buccal mucosa thins
Term
nose, mouth, and throat cranial nerves
Definition
CN1 olfactory, CN 9 - glossopharyngeal (phonation), CN 10 - hypoglossal (gag relfex)
Term
what makes up the joints?
Definition
synovial and nonsynovial, cartilage, ligament, bursa
Term
what makes up the muscles?
Definition
fasiculi, tendon
Term
what makes up the elbow?
Definition
medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon process of ulna
Term
what makes up the wrist and carpals?
Definition
radiocarpal joint, midcarpal join, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints
Term
what is the largest joint in the body?
Definition
knee
Term
hip joint
Definition
ball and socket; wide range of motion
Term
knee joint
Definition
femur, tibula, patella; hinge joint
Term
ankle and foot joints
Definition
hinge joint; tibia, fibula, talus
Term
what is the most common reason people seek healthcare?
Definition
joints
Term
subjective questions to ask about joints
Definition
pain? stiffness? swelling? heat? redness?
Term
subjective questions to ask about muscles?
Definition
pain (cramps), weakness
Term
subjective questions about bones
Definition
pain, deformity, trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations)
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