Term
PGE2
action
clinical use
drug name |
|
Definition
vasodilation, especially broncho and renal (leads to renin release)
uterine contractions
gastric secretion inhibitor
Use: abortions
lower BP
drug - Dinoprosterone |
|
|
Term
PGE2
effects on:
cardio
renal
respiratory
gastro
reproductive
CNS
autonomics
metabolism
other
Drug association |
|
Definition
cardio: - BP via vasodilation
renal: vasodilation renal artery > + renin
natriuresis and kaluresis via increase RBF
respiratory: broncodilation
gastro: - acid secretion, + peristalsis
reprod: + uterine contractions per gravida (abortifacient)
relax no preggers
CNS: hyperthermia
Auto: - NE release thus - BP
metabolism - - lipolysis
other: pain, boner
drug: dinoprostone
- ADH |
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Term
PGI2 (prostacyclin)
clinical uses and mechanisms
drug name |
|
Definition
decrease vascular tone
inhibit platelet aggregation
use: pulmonary HTN
prevent coagulation in dialysis machine
name: epoprostenol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PGI2 (prostacyclin)
actions:
cardio
Renal
respiratory
autonomics
metabolism
other
drug name |
|
Definition
cardio: - BP via dilation, inhibit platelet aggregation
renal: vasodilate RA > + RBF + Renin
natriuresis, kaluresis (same as PGE2)
respiratory: bronchodilate
autonomics: - NE, - BP
other: pain
drug name: epoprostenol |
|
|
Term
PGF2_alpha
actions
respiratory
gastro
reproductive
drug name |
|
Definition
respiratory: bronchoconstrict
gastro: + peristalsis
reproductive: contract uterus, corpus luteum regression
eyes: increase humor outflow for glaucoma
drug name: dinoprost, carbaprost, latanoprost (glaucoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glaucoma by increasing outflow of humor
drug name: BULT - Bimatoprost, Unoprostone, Latanoprost (prototype), Travoprost |
|
|
Term
Thromboxane (TXA2)
actions |
|
Definition
| + BP, + platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
BEIFT
Beraprost
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Flolan
Trepostinil
analog of:
clinical use: |
|
Definition
analog of PGI2
clinical use: peripheral vascular disease
HTN
+ storage of platelets
sub for Heparin in dialysis
increase pulmonary BF in infants with CHD (like ductus arteriosus) |
|
|
Term
Alprostadil
analog of:
clinical use: |
|
Definition
analog of PGE1
clinical use: increase pulmonary BF in infants with CHD
like Epoprostenol and Flolan |
|
|
Term
ER Niacin
Laropiprant
what it do?
clinical use? |
|
Definition
receptor antagonist for reducing niacin flush (skin vasoconstriction)
reduce niacin flush
also known as cordaptive |
|
|
Term
Alprostadil
analog of ?
clinical use ? |
|
Definition
PGE1
CHD and erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
Misoprostol
Rioprostil
analog of ?
clinical use |
|
Definition
PGE1
gastric ulcers (reduces acid secretion) |
|
|
Term
Gemeprost
analog of
clinical use |
|
Definition
PGE1
cervix dilation for uterine exam |
|
|
Term
Carbacyclin
Iloprost
analog of ?
clinical use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dinoprost
Carbaprost
analog of
clinical use |
|
Definition
PGF2_alpha
induce labor and/or abortion |
|
|
Term
Dinoprostone
analog of
clinical use |
|
Definition
PGE2
dilation of cervix, induce abortion, and decrease bleeding postpartum |
|
|
Term
Latanoprost (xalatan)
analog of
clinical use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Niacin
clinical use
combined with what eicosanoid antagonist |
|
Definition
treatment for atherosclerosis
PGD2-1 antagonist (Laropiprant) |
|
|
Term
Eicosanoids for Gastric Ulcers
CRIM |
|
Definition
cabacyclin
rioprostil
iloprost
misoprostol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dinoprostone, dinoprost, gemeprost, carbaprost
Think - Gyno/Ground - all of the drugs are found in the ground = Dino's, Gem's, and Carbon! |
|
|
Term
| What should you never prescribe CHF patients? |
|
Definition
COX inhibitors or anti-inflammatories because it blocks prostagladins
baby aspirin is okay because it blocks TXA2 (good) and spares prostaglandins (bad if they are blocked) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
venoconstriction
pain
+ catecholamines
bronchoconstriction
diueresis (natriuresis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
+ angiotensin II
- bradykinin |
|
|
Term
Aprotinin
what it do?
clinical use |
|
Definition
inhibits kallikrein => - bradykinin
reduce blood loss in bypass surgery |
|
|
Term
Nesiritide
what is it?
clinical use |
|
Definition
recombinant BNP = brain natriuretic peptide
causes decrease in BP by natriuresis
use: dyspnea in CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most potent vasocontrictor in body |
|
|
Term
Bosentan
kind of drug
receptors
clinical use |
|
Definition
endothelin receptor antagonist
ET1 A & B
pulmonary HTN |
|
|
Term
Sitaxentan
type of drug
receptors
clinical use
interaction |
|
Definition
endothelin receptor blocker
ET1A
pulmonary HTN
interaction with warfarin |
|
|
Term
Ambrisentan
type of drug
receptor
clinical use |
|
Definition
endothelin receptor blocker
AT1
pulmonary HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
calcitonin
what do the notes say |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carbonic Anhydrous Inhibitor
action site
what it do?
clinical use
toxicity
prototype |
|
Definition
where: PCT
what it do = bicarb diuresis = metabolic acidosis
potassium wasting
calcium secretion
clincal use:
glaucoma
metabolic alkalosis
high altitude sickness
toxicity:
parasthesia
no cross rxn with sulfa
hypokalemia
calcium precipitated kidney stones
prototype - acetazolamide |
|
|
Term
Loop Diuretic
what it do
clinical use
toxicity
prototype |
|
Definition
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in ascending thick limb
causes decrease of calicium and magnesium reabsorptions because of loss of positive lumen potential
massive diuresis
potassium and proton wasting
pulmonary vasodilation
clinical use:
edematous diseases
severe hypercalcemia
toxicity - hypocalcemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, and ototoxicity
prototype-furosemide |
|
|
Term
Thiazides
where at?
what it do?
clinical uses
prototype |
|
Definition
early segment of the distal tubule
inhibit sodium chloride reabsorption
hypokalemic alkalosis
decrease in calcium in urine (opposite of loops diuretics)
reduce BP
uses:
HTN
calcium renal stones
prototype: HCZT |
|
|
Term
Potassium Sparing Drugs
where?
what it do?
clinical use?
toxicity
prototype |
|
Definition
collecting ducts
aldosterone antagonists
increase in Na clearance and decrease in K
clinical use:
hypokalemia
aldosteronism
toxicity:
hyperkalemic acidosis
prototype:
spironolactone
epleronone
amiloride and triamterene (block sodium channels) |
|
|
Term
Osmotic Diuretics
where?
what it do?
clinical use?
toxicity?
protogype |
|
Definition
PCT
hold water in the lumen
severe hemolysis
increases ICP
glaucoma
hyponatremia and pulmonary edema
mannitol |
|
|
Term
desmopressin
what it do?
clinical use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
demeclocycline
what it do?
clinical use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Conivaptan
what it do?
clinical use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acetazolamide
mechanism
clinical use |
|
Definition
carbonic anhydrous inhibitor
decreases Bicarb reabsorption, Cl reabsorption, increased secretion of NaCl and water
metabolic alkalosis
glaucoma
homocysteinuria
decrease pH of CSF (altitude sickness) |
|
|
Term
Mannitol
mechanism
clinical use |
|
Definition
osmotic diuretic (10 fold increase)
increase osmolarity in PCT thus retain water and NaCl
prophylaxis in ARF to keep GFR up |
|
|
Term
Furosemide
mechanism
clinical use |
|
Definition
loop diuretic
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl-
decreases positive potential in lumen thus, inhibits reabsorption of Ca and Mg
pulmonary venodilator
increase in renin - increase NaCl to macula densa
interaction with warfarin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
40x stronger than furosemide
doesn't interact with warfarin
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretic with longer half life |
|
|
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
mechanism
clinical uses
toxicity/side effects |
|
Definition
Class 1 - inhibits NaCl transporter in the aldosterone independent segment of DCT
increases urine output
increases K output
nephrogenic DI
HTN
short acting
hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesimia, hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
Chlorthalidone
mechanism
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
Class 1
inhibits NaCl transporter in aldosterone independent segment of DCT
long acting, HTN
hypo-Mg, hyper-Ca, hyperureacemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
Metolazone
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
class 2 thiazide
potent
treats HTN
Ca renal stones |
|
|
Term
Indapamide
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
class 2 thazide
very potent
treats HTN
kidney stones |
|
|
Term
Spironolactone
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
K sparing drug
aldosterone receptor antagonist
used with thiazide to prevent K wasting |
|
|
Term
Eplenerone
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
K sparing drug
aldosterone receptor antagonist
used with thiazides to prevent K wasting |
|
|
Term
Amiloride
class of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
k sparing
inhibit Na reabsorption in late DCT
used with thiazides to prevent K wasting
side effect - hyperkalemia, anemia |
|
|
Term
Triamterene
class of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effect |
|
Definition
K sparing
inhibit Na in late DCT
used with thiazides to prevent K wasting
hyperkalemia, anemia |
|
|
Term
Vasopressin
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
ADH agonist
works on 2 receptors: vasopressor
aquaporin |
|
|
Term
Desmopressin
class of drug
clinical use |
|
Definition
ADH agonist
acts on just the aquaporin receptor
pituitary DI |
|
|
Term
Demeclocycline
class of drug
mechanism
clinical use |
|
Definition
ADH receptor antagonist
antagonizes just the aquaporin receptor
SIADH |
|
|
Term
Minoxidil
type of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effects
metabolism |
|
Definition
direct vasodilator
opens K+ channels
dilates only arterioles, causes relfex tachy with renin release (dilates renal artery)
HTN
renin release
hirsutism
prodrug. sufotransferases activate it |
|
|
Term
Nitroprusside
type of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
direct vasodilator
release NO by cGMP
vasodilation of both arterioles and venules
causes venous pooling
decreases CO in normal and increase CO in LVF
hypertensive crisis
LVF
hypotension, reflexive tachy, nausea because of conversion to cyanide |
|
|
Term
Hydralazine
actions
clinical uses
side effects
|
|
Definition
reflex sympathetic increases renin and catecholamine secretion
increases HR and contractility
no postural hypo
CHF
palpitations, tachy, decrease antihypertensives
autoimmune reactions |
|
|
Term
Diazoxide
type of drug
effects
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
direct vasodilator
opens K channels (like Minoxidil), reflex tachy (thus, increase renin and salt retention)
usually used with Beta blocker
HTN
insulinoma
salt and water retention, inhibits insulin, tachy and palpitations |
|
|
Term
Fenoldopam
type of drug
effects
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
direct vasodilators
D1 agonist (dopamine)
short half life
Hypertensive crisis
reflex tachy and palpitations (like diazoxide)
avoid with patients with glaucoma (increases IOP) |
|
|
Term
Captopril
type of drug
mechanism
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
inhibits conversion to Ang II
prevents degradation of bradykinin (vasodilator), thus increase in bradykinin
reduction of aldosterone secretion
decreases BP the best in those with high renin
virtually no reflex
increases synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins
HTN
slowing glomerulonephropathies
hyptension in Na+ depleted patients
hyperkalemia
angioedema
dry cough
fetotoxic in 2nd and 3rd trimester
|
|
|
Term
Enalapril
type of drug
effects
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
prodrug
inhibits conversion to Ang II
decreases aldosterone (decrease in K secretion)
bradykinin activity
no prostagladin activity
reflex intact with rare reflex tachy or postural hypo
HTN
hyperkalemia
hypotension in Na depleted patients
fetotoxity
dry cough
angioedema |
|
|
Term
Lisinopril
type of drug
mechanism/effects
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
lysine derivative of enalprilat (active form of enalopril)
inhibits conversion of Ang II
no prostaglandin secretion
bradykinin upregulatory (vasodilator)
reduce aldosterone secretion
baroreceptor reflex intact but little reflex
HTN
hypotension in patients with low Na
angioedema
hyperkalemia
fetotoxic
dry cough
|
|
|
Term
Ramipril
type of drug
mechanisms/effect
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
prodrug - long half life
inhibits Ang II
inhibits break down of bradykinin system
no prostaglandin effects
no reflex tachy
reduce aldosterone secretion
HTN
hyperkalemia
dry cough
angioedema
hypotension in Na depleted
fetotoxic |
|
|
Term
Lorsartan
type of drug
mechanism
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
prodrug
irreversible angiotensin II antagonist
blocks anigotensin II receptors causing vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion
decrease CO, TPR, plasma volume, BP
no effect on bradykinin thus good sub if cough occurs with ACEI
decrease BP
excretion of uric acid
inhibits P450
hyperkalemia
hepatic dysfunction
fetotoxic |
|
|
Term
Valsartan
type of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
ang II receptor antagonist
inhibits vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion
decreases CO, TPR, BP, and plasma volume
decreases blood pressure
hyperkalemia
no affect on P450
hepatic dysfunction
fetotoxic |
|
|
Term
Irbesartan
type of drug
mechanism
clinical uses
side effects |
|
Definition
ang II receptor antagonist
inhibits vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion
reduce TPR, CO, BP, and plasma vol
no bradykinin effect so sub for dry cough side effect in ACEI
HTN
no uric acid exretion
no P450 affect
fetotoxic
hyperkalemia
NO hepatic dysfunction |
|
|
Term
Telmisartan
type of drug
mechanism
clinical use
side effects |
|
Definition
ang II antagonist
reduces secretion of aldosterone and inhibits vasoconstriction
decreases CO, BP, plasma volume, TPR
no bradykinin so prevents dry cough
HTN
hyperkalemia
no p450 affect
fetotoxic
LONG HALF life
not excreted by kidneys |
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|
