Term
| Methyl psyllium (Metamucil) |
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Definition
Bulk-forming laxative;
Dissolves in water to form a gel;
Swell as the cmpd accumulates water;
SE - allergic rxns, gas, intestinal obstruction, inhibits coumarin absorption |
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Term
| Methyl cellulose (Citrucel) |
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Definition
Bulk-forming laxative;
Dissolves in water to form a gel;
Swell as the cmpd accumulates water;
SE - dec absorption of other drugs/nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
Bulk-forming laxative;
Hydrophillic polyacrylic resin, absorbs 60-100X its weight in water;
SE - Ca release
CI - tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
Surfactant laxative - stool softener;
Dec water tension b/t stool and GI tract, allows for easier stool passage;
Anionic surfactant;
CI - long term use (mucosal irritation), abdominal pain, N/V |
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Term
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Definition
Surfactant laxative - stool softener;
Dec water tension b/t stool and GI tract, allows for easier stool passage;
Non-ionic surfactant;
CI - abdominal pain, N/V |
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Term
| Castor oil (Neolid purge) |
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Definition
Surfactant laxative - stool softener;
Anionic surfactant AND stimulates peristalsis @ myenteric plexus;
Dec water tension b/t stool and GI tract, allows for easier stool passage;
Prodrug - conv to active ricinoleic acid;
CATHARTIC;
SE - induce uterine contraction, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
| Bisacodyl (Modane, Dulcolax) |
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Definition
Stimulant laxative - MOST POTENT;
[3 MOAs @ colon] (1)inc perm of intestinal mucosa for back diffusion, (2)stimulate myenteric plexus to inc peristalsis, (3)inc PG synthesis and intestinal secretions;
Enteric coated tablet;
Prodrug, converted by enterics to desacetyl;
SE - dehydration, electrocyte loss, enterocyte dmg |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulant laxative - MOST POTENT;
[3 MOAs @ colon] (1)inc perm of intestinal mucosa for back diffusion, (2)stimulate myenteric plexus to inc peristalsis, (3)inc PG synthesis and intestinal secretions;
Natural product, gentle;
SE - abdominal pain, nephritis, pigmentation of colon, pink urine |
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Term
| Magnesium sulfate: Epsom salt |
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Definition
Osmotic laxative +Magnesium;
(1) Non-absorble w/ osmotic activity;
(2) Release of CCK leads to inc intestinal motility and secretions |
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Term
| Magnesium hydroxide: milk of magnesia |
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Definition
Osmotic laxative +Magnesium;
(1) Non-absorble w/ osmotic activity;
(2) Release of CCK leads to inc intestinal motility and secretions |
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Term
| Magnesium citrate (Citroma) |
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Definition
Osmotic laxative +Magnesium;
(1) Non-absorble w/ osmotic activity;
(2) Release of CCK leads to inc intestinal motility and secretions;
CATHARTIC |
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Term
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Definition
Osmotic laxative +Phosphate;
Cathartic |
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Term
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Definition
Osmotic laxative;
Osmotic activity, non-absorbed;
Conversion to organic acids make it a fecal acidifier;
Hepatic failure - Can aid in ammonia clearance by dec absorption in colon;
Prevents/tx encephalopathy in portal HTN |
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Term
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Definition
Osmotic laxative;
Osmotic and lubricant effects;
Suppository |
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Term
| Polyethylene glycol (Golytely) |
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Definition
Osmotic laxative;
Mass evac for colonoscopy pre-op;
Dissolve into 4L and chug |
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Term
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Definition
Laxative;
Hydrocarbon mixture that penetrates and softens stool |
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Term
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Definition
Laxative;
Inc secretions by activating Cl- channels via PK-A and inc motility;
Tx chronic idiopathic constipation |
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Term
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Definition
| T-Sweat: "opiate antagonists are used off label to treat opiate-induced constipation or constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome" |
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Term
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Definition
| T-Sweat: "opiate antagonists are used off label to treat opiate-induced constipation or constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome" |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Diarrheal and cytoprotective;
Absorbs hermful bacteria, viruses, toxins;
Inc secretion of mucous and HCO3, inh Pepsin, chelates w/ proteins at base of ulcer forming protective barrier, inh H. pylori;
Tx travellers diarrhea and H. Pylori infection |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Diarrheal;
Absorbs harmful bacteria, viruses or toxins |
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Term
Attapulgite, Magnesium aluminum disilicate
(Diasorb) |
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Definition
Not in notes (?)
Anti-Diarrheal: Binds to acids, toxins, bacteria in the GI;
(previously included in Kaopectate) |
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Term
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Definition
Opiate Anti-diarrheal;
Dec secretions, inc muscle tone (ANTISPASMODIC) incl sphincters (dec urgency @external anal sph), dec motility, inc contact time;
Includes morphine |
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Term
| Diphenoxylate + atropine (Lomotil) |
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Definition
Opiate Anti-diarrheal;
Dec secretions, inc muscle tone (ANTISPASMODIC) incl sphincters (dec urgency @external anal sph), dec motility, inc contact time;
Atropine to thwart abuse;
Meperidine cogener |
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Term
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Definition
Opiate Anti-diarrheal;
Dec secretions, inc muscle tone (ANTISPASMODIC) incl sphincters (dec urgency @external anal sph), dec motility, inc contact time;
Binds calmodulin |
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Term
| Propantheline (Pro-Banthine) |
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Definition
Anti-cholinergic as Anti-Diarrheal;
Block vagal Ach to inhibit GI motility and secretions;
Anti-spasmodic for cramps;
Also tx urinary incontinence |
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Term
|
Definition
Anti-cholinergic as Anti-Diarrheal;
Block vagal Ach to inhibit GI motility and secretions;
ANTI-SPASMODIC FOR CRAMPS; |
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Term
| Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) |
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Definition
Anti-Emetic - Anti-cholinergic;
Blocks muscarinic receptors on CN VIII (vestibular afferents);
Transdermal patch behind ear;
Tx prophylaxis for motion sickness;
SE - sedation, drowsiness, dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
(Dramamine);
Anti-Emetic - anti-histamine;
Remember anti-cholinergic action of first Gen H1 blockers;
OTC prophylaxis for motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Emetic - anti-histamine;
Remember anti-cholinergic action of first Gen H1 blockers;
OTC prophylaxis for motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Emetic - anti-histamine;
Remember anti-cholinergic action of first Gen H1 blockers;
Prescription Rx for Vertigo and Meniere's dz, depressant effect in ear labyrinth |
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Term
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Definition
(Phenergan);
Anti-Emetic - anti-histamine;
Remember anti-cholinergic action of first Gen H1 blockers;
MOST POTENT;
Tx severe N/V, can be used pre-op;
SE - sedation |
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Term
| Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) |
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic;
Also has anti-cholinergic functions;
Tx N/V and intractable hiccups |
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Term
| Prochlorperazine (Compazine) |
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic;
Also has anti-cholinergic functions;
Tx N/V and intractable hiccups;
Poor antipsychotic, useful antiemetic |
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Term
| Thiethylperazine (Torecan) |
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic;
Also has anti-cholinergic functions;
IV - useful in hospital setting;
Tx N/V and intractable hiccups;
Inhibits CTZ & VC |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic;
Binds D2 receptors in CTZ;
Tx post-op N/V |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic, Prokinetic;
Blocks D2 receptors, inc ACH - inc gastric emptying;
Inc LES pressure, inc esophageal peristalsis;
Tx chemo-induced and post-op N/V, GERD, given prophylactically;
SE - tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
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Definition
Anti-emetic - anti-dopaminergic, Prokinetic;
Blocks D2 receptors, inc ACH - inc gastric emptying;
Inc LES pressure, inc esophageal peristalsis;
Tx chemo-induced and post-op N/V;
SE - extrapyramidal, use short term |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - Serotonin antagonist;
Block receptors in GI (dec vagal afferents), block receptors in CTZ;
MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-EM - use for chemo tox;
Inc potency w/ dexamethasone;
IV or oral |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - Serotonin antagonist;
Block receptors in GI (dec vagal afferents), block receptors in CTZ;
MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-EM (and most potent in class) - use for chemo tox;
Inc potency w/ dexamethasone;
Oral |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - Serotonin antagonist;
Block receptors in GI (dec vagal afferents), block receptors in CTZ;
MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-EM - use for chemo tox;
Inc potency w/ dexamethasone;
Long 1/2 life |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic - Serotonin antagonist;
Block receptors in GI (dec vagal afferents), block receptors in CTZ;
MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-EM - use for chemo tox;
Inc potency w/ dexamethasone;
IV |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic adjuvant;
Substance P and neurokinin 1 antagonist;
Crosses BBB to act on CTZ;
Useful in cytotoxic chemos |
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Term
Dronabinol
Delta 9-tetrahydro cannabinol (Marinol) |
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Definition
Anti-emetic adjuvant;
Marijuana derivative;
Tx intractable N/V in chemo pts;
SE - psychomimetic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic (in this case);
Reduce SE of other drugs due to dec prostaglandins |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-emetic (in this case);
Reduce SE of other drugs due to dec prostaglandins |
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Term
| Calcium carbondate (Tums) |
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Definition
Antacid;
Weak bases neutralize HCl, prevents pepsin activation;
Tx gas, PUD, acid (inc pH);
SE - dec drug absorption |
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Term
| Magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) |
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Definition
Antacid;
Weak bases neutralize HCl, prevents pepsin activation;
Tx reflux, adjunct w/ H2 block or PPIs in PUD;
SE - dec drug absorption |
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Term
Mg-Al hydroxide
Alginic acid (Gaviscon) |
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Definition
Antacid;
Weak bases neutralize HCl, prevents pepsin activation;
SE - dec drug absorption;
Algenic cid - floating gel to dec reflux, regurg; |
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Term
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Definition
H2 antagonist - PUD, GERD;
Competitively inh H2 receptors in stomach, dec acid secretion;
Least potent in class, short half life;
SE - @CYP450; avoid by using other drugs |
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Term
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Definition
H2 antagonist - PUD, GERD;
Competitively inh H2 receptors in stomach, dec acid secretion; |
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Term
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Definition
H2 antagonist - PUD, GERD;
Competitively inh H2 receptors in stomach, dec acid secretion; |
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Term
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Definition
H2 antagonist - PUD, GERD;
Competitively inh H2 receptors in stomach, dec acid secretion;
Most potent and longest 1/2 life |
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Term
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Definition
PPI - PUD, GERD;
Irreversible mod of H/K-ATPase - drug trapping;
Req acidic pH for activation;
Tx also - Z-E syndrome, refractory ulcers;
Oral, long 1/2 life;
More powerful than H2 blocker in inhibiting HCl production; |
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Term
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Definition
PPI - PUD, GERD;
Irreversible mod of H/K-ATPase - drug trapping;
Req acidic pH for activation;
Tx also - Z-E syndrome, refractory ulcers;
Oral, long 1/2 life;
More powerful than H2 blocker in inhibiting HCl production; |
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Term
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Definition
PPI - PUD, GERD;
Irreversible mod of H/K-ATPase - drug trapping;
Req acidic pH for activation;
Tx also - Z-E syndrome, refractory ulcers;
Less effective |
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Term
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Definition
PPI - PUD, GERD;
Irreversible mod of H/K-ATPase - drug trapping;
Req acidic pH for activation;
Tx also - Z-E syndrome, refractory ulcers;
Less CYP450 metabolism - longer lasting |
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Term
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Definition
Cytoprotective;
Forms sticky gel at base of ulcer, adheres to epithelium;
Req acidic pH, give before meal;
Use - H2-blocker or PPI-induced pneumonia, bed ridden patients |
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Term
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Definition
Cytoprotective - PGE1 analog;
Inc secretion of mucous and HCO3;
SE - dose-limiting diarrhea;
Use - pts that require NSAID use |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics - H.pylori infection;
Inh microbe protein synthesis;
Resistance - 8% |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics - H.pylori infection;
G(-) bacilli;
CI - penicillin allergy |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics - H.pylori infection;
2nd line, use if penicillin allergy, stagger dosing;
SE - teeth coloration |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics - H.pylori infection;
Synthetic, for obligate anaerobes;
Common RESISTANCE |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotics - H.pylori infection;
Antibacterial and antiprotozoal;
Used in the case of Metron. and Clarithro. resistance |
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Term
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) |
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Definition
Anti-inflammatory - IBD;
Enteric coated tablet;
Prodrug: 5-ASA-active, sulfapyridine-SE's;
SE - anemia, rash, impotence |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-inflammatory - IBD;
Enteric coated tablet;
Prodrug: 2 molecules of 5-ASA;
SE - less impotence;
Weaker as an anti-inflamm |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TNF - IBD;
Antibody binds TNF-alpha, dec inflamm;
Used w/ other immunosuppression |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TNF - IBD;
Soluble TNF-alpha receptor, binds it;
Does not req concomitant immunosuppression |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic;
Give enema to dec colonic bacteria;
Tx - portal HTN, encephalopathy |
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