Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat congenital heart defects and erectile dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
PGE1 drug;
used to treat congenital heart defects (inc pulmonary flow) and erectile dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
tx Pulmonary Arterial HTN, congenital heart defects;
heparin substitute in renal disease;
side effects - jaw and muscle pain |
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Term
|
Definition
PGI2 drug;
very unstable;
tx Pulmonary Arterial HTN, congenital heart defects;
side effects - jaw and muscle pain |
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Term
|
Definition
PGI2 drug;
stable;
tx gastric ulcers;
heparin substitute in renal disease; |
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Term
|
Definition
PGI2 drug;
stable;
tx gastric ulcers, pulmonary HTN;
heparin substitute in renal disease; |
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Term
|
Definition
PGE1 drug;
tx gastric ulcers |
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Term
|
Definition
PGE1 drug;
tx gastric ulcers |
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Term
|
Definition
| induce labor and abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
PGF2-alpha drug;
induce labor and abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
dilation of cervix for uterine exam;
induce abortion in gravid uterus;
decrease postpartum hemorrhage |
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Term
|
Definition
PGE2 drug;
dilation of cervix for uterine exam;
induce abortion in gravid uterus;
decrease postpartum hemorrhage |
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Term
|
Definition
| PGE1 drug; dilation of cervix for uterine exam |
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Term
|
Definition
| induce labor and abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
15-methyl-PGF2-alpha drug;
induce labor and abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
PGF2-alpha prodrug;
preferred tx for glaucoma, inc outflow of aqueous humor;
SE- permanent change of eye color |
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Term
|
Definition
(Latisse)
PGF2-alpha prodrug;
tx for glaucoma, inc outflow of aqueous humor;
increase eyelash length, thickness and darkness |
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Term
|
Definition
PGI2 analog;
tx Pulmonary Arterial HTN, congenital heart defects;
side effects - jaw and muscle pain |
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Term
|
Definition
Recombinant BNP;
tx dyspnea due to CHF;
diuresis, natriuresis, vasodilation, dec aldosterone
SE- hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective ET1A blocker;
tx pulmonary HTN;
SE- hepatotoxic, flushing, warfarin interaction |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective ET(A) receptor blocker;
tx pulmonary HTN;
SE- flushing but less hepatotoxic |
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Term
|
Definition
(Diamox)
CA inhibitor
HCO3-& Na lost (alkaline urine);
Cl reabsorbed;
Ltd use as diuretic (only in pt w alkalosis);
tx cysteinuria, glaucoma, seizures, high altitude sicknes (induces hypervent by acidifying the CSF);
SE- metabolic acidosis, hypercholoremia, drowsiness, sensitivity to thiazides, allergenicity, K+ wasting |
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Term
|
Definition
(Lasix)
inhibits Na-K-Cl symporter, inhibits NaCl reabsorption;
inc renin;
tx: edema, hypercalcemia, prophylaxis for renal failure, CHF, HTN;
"loops lose Ca";
SE- inc BUN, hypokalemia, alkalosis, ototoxicity, warfarin interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits Na-K-Cl symporter, inhibits NaCl reabsorption;
40x more potent than furosemide and no Warfarin interaction
inc renin;
tx: edema, hypercalcemia, prophylaxis for renal failure, HTN;
"loops lose Ca";
SE- inc BUN, hypokalemia, alkalosis, ototoxicity, drug interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibits Na-K-Cl symporter, inhibits NaCl reabsorption;
long half-life;
inc renin;
tx: edema, hypercalcemia, prophylaxis for renal failure, HTN;
"loops lose Ca";
SE- inc BUN, hypokalemia, alkalosis, ototoxicity, drug interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
non-sulfamide loop diuretic;
tx HTN, CHF, edema |
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Term
|
Definition
Osmotic diuretic;
tx prophylaxis of acute renal failure (LOW GFR-ready);
SE- volume overload may lead to heart failure |
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Term
|
Definition
class 1 thiazide diuretic (high GFR); inhibits Na/Cl symporter in aldo insensitive segment; see SE of thiazide related drugs; short acting; tx HTN, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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|
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Term
|
Definition
class 1 thiazide diuretic (high GFR);
inhibits Na/Cl symporter in aldo insensitive segment;
see SE of thiazide related drugs;
long acting;
tx HTN; |
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Term
|
Definition
class 2 thiazide diuretic (GFR 20-40);
high potency;
inhibits Na/Cl symporter in aldo insensitive segment;
tx HTN even if renal insufficiency, CHF |
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Term
|
Definition
(Hydromox)
class 1 thiazide diuretic (high GFR);
inhibits Na/Cl symporter in aldo insensitive segment;
see SE of thiazide related drugs;
tx HTN; |
|
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Term
|
Definition
class 2 thiazide diuretic (GFR 20-40);
highest potency;
inhibits Na/Cl symporter in aldo insensitive segment;
tx HTN, direct vasodilatory effects |
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Term
|
Definition
aldosterone antagonist, K-sparing diuretic;
inhibit Na reabsorption in DCT;
tx HTN alongside HCTZ (not used alone), CHF;
SE- hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aldosterone antagonist, K-sparing diuretic;
inhibit Na reabsorption in DCT;
tx HTN alongside HCTZ (not used alone), CHF;
SE- hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
K-sparing diuretic;
inhibit Na reabsorption in DCT;
tx HTN alongside HCTZ (not used alone);
SE- hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
K-sparing diuretic;
inhibit Na reabsorption in DCT;
tx HTN alongside HCTZ (not used alone);
SE- hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
anti-diuretic;
acts on V1 and V2 receptors on collecting ducts |
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Term
|
Definition
(DDAVP)
Anti-diuretic; V2 receptor agonist.
Tx central diabetes insipidus and bleeding disorders (also inc factor VIII and von Willebrand) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Diuretic, anti-ADH;
antagonizes ADH at V2 receptors;
tx syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH |
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|
Term
Thiazide SE
Depletion Phenomena (4) |
|
Definition
hypokalemia;
dilutional hyponatremia;
hypochloremic alkalsosis;
hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
Thiazide SE
Retention Phenomena (2) |
|
Definition
hyperuricemia;
hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
Thiazide SE
Metabolic changes (3) |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia;
hyperlipidemia;
hypersecretion of renin and aldo |
|
|
Term
Thiazide SE
Hypersensitivities (5) |
|
Definition
fever;
rash;
purpurea;
pancreatitis;
withdrawal edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dec BP;
dilate coronary vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
vasodilation, inc blood flow;
inc natriuresis;
inc kaluresis;
dec Cl reabsorb;
inc renin;
dec ADH |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
relax empty uterus;
contract gravid uterus;
induce abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dec NE release, dec BV constriction; |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dec BP;
dec platelet aggregation;
dilate coronary vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vasodilation, inc blood flow; inc natriuresis; inc kaluresis; dec Cl reabsorption; dec ADH; inc renin. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dec NE release, dec BV constriction; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PGF2-alpha on respiratory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PGF2-alpha on reproductive |
|
Definition
| Contracts every uterus (pregnant and non-pregnant); causes regression of the corpus leuteum; induces abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
inc BP;
inc platelet aggregation;
constrict coronary vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CYP-450 products of AA that are vasodilators;
promote natriuresis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
CYP-450 products of AA;
mediator of myogenic tone (increased local tone in response to increased BP);
inhibits Na/K/Cl renal symport;
implicated in development of HTN |
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|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist RVLM;
Dec sympathetic output;
Tx: HTN (rare use), pain (releases opiates and therefore has analgesic properties)
SE: Sedation, drowsiness, fatigue, anxiety, water retention, xerostomia. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist RVLM;
tx dec sympathetic output, dec BP;
lowers plasma cholesterol;
SE sedation, drowsiness, fatigue, anxiety, xerostomia; |
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|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist RVLM;
tx dec sympathetic output;
SE sedation, drowsiness, fatigue, anxiety, water retention, xerostomia; |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Centrally-acting, post-synaptic a2 agonist [on RLVM]:
Dec sympathetic outflow.
Also acts on presynaptic a2 receptors to ↓ NE release.
Tx: severe HTN (ex. preeclampsia)
SE: sedation, sleep disturbance water retention, immunological dysfunction (+ Coombs, "lupus-like") |
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|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits DA and NE movement into synaptic vesicles;
DEC EPI, NE, AND DA in periphery
tx HTN;
contraindicated for patients with peptic ulcers or hx of depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 and 2 antagonist;
tx Pheochromocytoma, dec BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist;
tx HTN;
short acting;
inc HDL, improves insulin resistance |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha-1 antagonist; tx BPH [HTN occasionally]; SE orthostatic hypotension |
|
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Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist;
tx HTN and BPH;
SE orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta-1 and 2 antagonist;
direct effect on Na channels, anti-arrythmias;
tx HTN, esp with CHF or prev MI;
SE see BB SEs |
|
|
Term
| Beta-blocker side effects (7) |
|
Definition
Bradycardia,
Interaction with conduction blockers,
Raynaud's,
Dec GFR,
Bronchospasm,
Fatigue,
Depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta-1 and 2 + alpha-1 antagonist;
tx HTN, primary drug for CHF;
dec ROS production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta-1 and 2 antagonist;
direct effect on Na channels, prevents arrythmias;
Partial agonist;
tx HTN, w/ CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 and 2 antagonist;
tx glaucoma, migraines;
slight ISA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
partial agonist with ISA activity
Tx: HTN, arrythmia
SE: development of ANA's (anti nuclear Abs) and Lupus-like syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta-1 and 2 + alpha-1 antagonist;
tx HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
tx HTN, esp associated w/ CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
tx HTN, esp associated w/ CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
long-acting;
tx HTN, esp associated w/ CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
long-acting;
tx HTN, esp associated w/ CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta 1 antagonist; very short half-life; tx tachycardia, arrhythmias, and HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist;
causes a release of NO, exhibits vasodilation; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct vasodilator;
pro-drug, opens K/ATP channels in SM;
dilates arterioles, not veins;
SE reflex tachycardia, hirsutism (Rogaine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilator and venodilator;
NO prodrug: dilates arteries and veins (via ↑ cGMP)
Tx: HTN crisis, L sided heart failure
SE: hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, cyanide production, nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct vasodilator;
opens K channels in SM;
tx HTN crisis;
SE tachycardia, fluid retention, palpitations, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct vasodilator;
D1 agonist;
promotes diuresis and natriuresis to lower BP;
tx HTN crisis;
contraindicated for glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor;
improves prognosis for CHF by dec afterload;
short half-life;
inc synthesis of prostaglandins to inc vasodilation (vascular and renal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor;
improves prognosis for CHF by dec afterload;
lysine derivative of elanaprilat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor;
improves prognosis for CHF by dec afterload;
prodrug, (de-esterification) converted into elanaprilat (activE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor;
improves prognosis for CHF by dec afterload;
prodrug (de-esterification) with long half-life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATRB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker)
Tx CHF, HTN
No cough, dec angioedema as compared to ACEI; prodrug, active metabolite is non-comp inhibitor.
Unique quality: inc uric acid secretion (think gout) and inhibits CYP450 (drug interactions poss).
SE: hypotension, hyperK, hepatic dysfunction, fetotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATRB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker);
Tx: CHF
No cough, dec angioedema as compared to ACEI;
SE - hypotension, hyperK, hepatic dysfunction, fetotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATRB;
tx CHF, HTN;
no cough, dec angioedema as compared to ACEI;
SE - hypotension, hyperK, fetotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATRB;
tx CHF, HTN;
no cough, dec angioedema as compared to ACEI;
prodrug;
SE - hypotension, hyperK, fetotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ATRB; no cough, dec angioedema as compared to ACEI; longest half-life, no renal excretion; SE - hypotension, hyperK, fetotoxicity |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Renin inhibitor,
nonpeptide;
never used alone, usually with ATRB.
Tx: Essential HTN
SE: Hyperkalemia, hypotension, headache, angioedema
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Ca Channel Blocker;
phenylalkylamine;
tx HTN w/ angina and arrhythmias - dec contractility and AV conduction;
SE - peripheral edema, reflex tachy, hypotension, constipation, depression of SA/AV nodes, myocardial depression, nausea, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Calcium Channel Blocker;
dihydropyridine;
tx HTN, use with diuretic;
selective for vascular SM, not cardiac;
long acting;
SE - peripheral edema, reflex tachy, hypotension, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Calcium Channel Blocker;
dihydropyridine;
tx HTN, use with diuretic;
selective for vascular SM, not cardiac;
short acting;
SE - peripheral edema, reflex tachy, hypotension, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Calcium Channel Blocker;
dihydropyridine;
tx HTN, use with diuretic;
selective for vascular SM, not cardiac;
SE - peripheral edema, reflex tachy, hypotension, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Calcium Channel Blocker;
dihydropyridine;
tx HTN, use with diuretic;
selective for vascular SM, not cardiac;
SE - peripheral edema, reflex tachy, hypotension, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type Calcium Channel Blocker;
benzothiazepine, intermediate between phenyl. and DHPs;
limited reflex tachycardia;
SE - depression of SA/AV nodes, myocardial depression, peripheral edema, rashes, nausea, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
L-type AND Na channel inhibitor;
tx HTN;
SE- arrhythmias, agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist;
vasodilation;
tx CHF, pulmonary HTN;
SE teratogenic, hepatotoxicity, peripheral edema; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Digitalis glycoside; inc intracellular Ca;
mech - blocks Na/K-ATPase, inc intracellular Na, inc activity Na/Ca exchanger;
inc Ca - inc contractility;
tx severe CHF with low EF;
decrease in AV conduction velocity (inc PR interval);
SE interactions with diuretics, warfarin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct arterial vasodilator;
tx CHF;
stimulates RAS as a SE - edema, inc volume;
SE - nausea, anorexia, +FANA, exacerbate angina (reflex tachy), "lupus-like syndrome" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Venodilator;
reduce preload in tx of CHF;
reduces pulmonary art P, congestion; reduces LV filling P |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Veno- and vasodilator;
reduce preload in tx of CHF;
reduces pulmonary art P, congestion; reduces LV filling P |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor;
tx of CHF;
balanced vasodilaiton, dec ventricular filling P, inc CO, dec BP;
hepatic metabolism, useful in renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (↑cAMP); also ↑ Ca2+-ATPase activity on the SR: Ionotropic Agent.
Tx: CHF
short-term, IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-agonist, mostly B1 (also B2, a1);
inotrope, vasodilator (prevented by Bblocker), vasoconstrictor (unopposed a1 effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasopressor effect;
through IP3 and Ca++ release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
activates aquaporin;
inc water reabsorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease gastric acid and pepsin secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PGI2 Analog
Tx Pulmonary HTN (causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.
SE: Headache, nausea, rash, jaw pain, hypotension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PGF2 alpha analog
Tx Glaucoma
SE: Blurred vision, redness, permanent darkening of the iris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Tx: HTN
CI: in Pt with heart block or impaired hepatic fxn. Avoid grapefruit juice to avoid toxic build up of this CYP-metabolized drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
Tx: HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sodium Current modifier
Tx: Chronic angina
Unlike beta blockers/nitrates, this drug does not alter hr.
CI: Avoid giving with drugs (like digitoxin) which are CYP-metabolized as this drug is a CYP inhbitor. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
An endogenous purine nucleotide with important pharmacological properties.
Tx: Evaluation or tx of supraventricular tachycardia and to dilate the arteries in a stress test.
SE:Flushing, rash, nausea, lightheadedness (vasodilatory effects)
CI: Pt with heart block (adenosine generates its own heart block effects), pt with asthma or sick sinus syndrome. |
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|
Term
What drug(s) are used to tx Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Why does this tx work? |
|
Definition
| Thiazides can be used to tx the extreme diuresis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus bc they ↓ DCT reabsorption of Na+ and H2O → diuresis → ↓ plasma volume → ↓ GFR → ↑Na+ reabsorption in the PCT (which is where the most Na+ is reabsorbed anyways). The result is increased Na+ and H20 retention. |
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|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause gingival hyperplasia as a SE? |
|
Definition
| DHP Calcium Channel Blockers (drugs that end in -pine) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause gynecomastia as a SE? |
|
Definition
Methyldopa (central alpha 2 agonist, false NT)
Spirinolactone (Aldosterone antagonist) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause hyperkalemia as a SE? |
|
Definition
| ACE inhbitors, ATRB, Amioride (K+ sparing diuretic), Digtoxin OD, Spiriolactone (aldosterone inhbitor) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause hyperuricemia as a SE? |
|
Definition
| Loop and Thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause hypokalemia as a SE? |
|
Definition
| Diuretics (Osomotic, Loop and Thiazide) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause hyponatremia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause intersitital nephritis as a SE? |
|
Definition
| Furosemide (Loop Diuretic) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause phototoxicity as a SE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) can cause a positive Coombs Test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug(s) cause SLE-like Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Hydralazine (direct vasodilator) and Methyldopa (NE false NT) |
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|
