Term
| Epstein Barr Virus more symptomatic in which age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Influenza more fatal in which age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| P. vivax does not infect those in African descent who lack? |
|
Definition
| Duffy blood group antigen-which is a receptor for malarial parasite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are some examples of Prions?
|
|
Definition
spongiform
encephalopathies
Cruetzfeldt-Jakob |
|
|
Term
Prion's
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
intracellular
(ie Creutzfeld-Jacob) |
|
|
Term
Viruses'
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bacteria
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
obligate-chlamydia
extracellular- strep pnuemoniae
facultative intracellular- mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
Term
Fungi
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
extracellular- candida albicans
facultative- histoplasma
|
|
|
Term
Protozoa
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
extracellular-trypanosoma gambiense
Faculatative-trypanosoma cruzi
obligate- Leishmania donovani
|
|
|
Term
Helminths
site of propagation? |
|
Definition
extracellular-Wuchereria bancrofti
Intracellular- Trichinella spirlas
|
|
|
Term
| Creutzfeld Jacob is what type of infectious agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trachoma (a bacterial infection of the eye) , urethritis are symptoms of?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The infectious agent that causes is Pnuemonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tuberculosis is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| Thrush is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histoplasmosis is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleeping Sleepness is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chagas disease is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kale-azar is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Filariesis is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichinosis is caused by what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteriophage, plasmids are? |
|
Definition
| genetic elements incorporate into bacteria genome |
|
|
Term
| Can't make ATP is a characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Lack cell wall
2. atypical interstitial pneumonia
characteristics of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. replicate in cytoplasm endothelial cell
2. vasculitis, rash, shock, edema, CNS disease
characteristics of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Yeast and Hyphae
2.several infections
3. superficial skin
4. subcutaneous or systemic
characteristics of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. single cell motile and complex organelles
characteristics of?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. complex, multicellular with complex life cycle
2. immature stages or asexual larval forms
characteristics of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
arthropod attach to the skin is called?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Niesseria gonorrhoeae binds to genital epithelium by____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pus
example: brain abscess |
|
|
Term
suppurative infections
skin/subcutaneous tissue
carbuncle
furuncle
paronychia
felon
impetigo
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
can go deep in tissue
arthritis in joints
osteomyelitis in bone
endocarditis in heart valve
pneumonia in lung
meninges/brain
pyelonephritis
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Food poisoning
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| focul suppurative infection of skin in hairy areas-begin in hair follicle, get abscess, and rupture is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep suppurative inflammation of subcutaneous tissue is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contagious superficial skin pustules that rupture with honey colored crust are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
is beta hemolytic
includes: S. pyrogenes
causes: phayrngitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, ARF, acute GN
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
is beta hemolytic
includes: S. agalactiae
causes: neonatal sepsis, meningitis, pueperal, sepsis, UTI
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
has Variable hemolysis
includes: S. faecalis
Causes: UTI /endocarditis
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
is alpha hemolytic
includes:
S. mutans
S. pneumoniae
Causes: endocarditis, dental caries, pnuemonia, meningitis
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cerebrospinal meningitis
adrenal necrosis and hemorrhage
septicemia and shock
gangrene
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
food borne (dairy/poultry/hot dog)
meningitis, bacteremic abcess
stillbirth, neonatal sepsis and meningitis
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
spores
powder form
animal exposure
affects cutaneous, inhalation, GI
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
Anthrax
aka
Bacillus anthracis |
|
|
Term
Cutaneous-painless, pruitic papule, enlarging vesicle, ulcer black eschar
rare bacteremia
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
Anthrax
aka
Bacillus anthracis |
|
|
Term
Inhalaion-hemorrhagic, mediastinitis, pneumonia, chest pain, hypoxia, bacteremia, shock, death with in days
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
Anthrax
aka
Bacillus anthracis |
|
|
Term
GI- nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea with 50% mortality
are possible signs of what? |
|
Definition
Anthrax
aka
Bacillus anthracis |
|
|
Term
necrosis of upper respiratory tract
fever, sore throat, exudate on oropharynx and larynx
gives toxin into blood that causes fatty change in heart
chronic heart failure
demylenation of peripheral nerves
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
|
|
Term
whooping cough
high pitched inspiratory whoop
laryngotracheobronchitis
peripheral blood lymphocytosis
get pneumonia/hypoxemia
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name this pathogen?
is gram negative
can be nosocomial/opportunistic
Causes:
post-burn infections
pnuemonia with CF
envades vascular wall-thrombosis
keratitis
endocarditis
osteomyelitis (drug users)
swimmer's ear
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
affects nasopharynx
pyogenic in middle ear, sinuses, epiglottis (croup), meninges, lungs, joints
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lipopolysacccharide cause fever, leukopenia, DIC, bactermia
UTI, Intestinal problems, neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis with shock
are signs of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bronchopneumonia
focal necrosis
aerosols from H20 reserviors
macrophages>neutrophils
20 thrombosis
+ silver stain
are signs of what?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Enteropathogenic bacteria
cause disease by? |
|
Definition
1. enterotoxin-stimulate GI tract to cause diarrhea and vomiting and t cells to release cytokines
2. extoxins-inhibit absoprtion/ cause diarrhea without damage
3. direct invasion-ulcers, inflammation, hemorrhage
4. passage into the blood stream-systemic infection (typhoid)
|
|
|
Term
| Bacterial enterocolitis results from ingestion of? |
|
Definition
| preformed toxin from food (S. aureus and C. perfrigens) |
|
|
Term
| A secretoagous toxin is what? |
|
Definition
| once the organism binds to epithelial cell membrane, a portion of toxin enters cell and activates electrolyte and water secretion |
|
|
Term
| A parasite that competes with vitamin B12 in the GI is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common agents that cause infectious enterocolitis? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus
E. coli
Norwalk virus
(REN) |
|
|
Term
| What are the general features of watery diarrhea? |
|
Definition
fliud-filled stools
Intestinal fluid loss
small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What bugs cause watery diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Vibrio cholerae (severe)
E. coli
Giardiasis (chronic) |
|
|
Term
| What are the general features of dysentery diarrhea? |
|
Definition
loose stools of smaller vol
mucus, pus, blood
fever
abdominal pain
cramps
tenesmus
mainly colon
not as great fluid loss |
|
|
Term
| What bugs cause desentery diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Shigella dysenteriae
Entamoeba histolytica |
|
|
Term
| General features of Diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of endemic Diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus
Camplyobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
Cholera
(RCCSS) |
|
|
Term
| Causes of epidemic Diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever
Cholera
Shigellosis
Norwalk
(T-CNS) |
|
|
Term
| Causes of food poisoning? |
|
Definition
Enterohemmorrhagic E. coli
Staph aureus
Salmonella enteriditis
typhimurium
Clostridium perfrigens
|
|
|
Term
| Causes of traveler's Diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of nosocomial Diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Clostridium difficile
E. coli and rotavirus (nursery) |
|
|
Term
| Which E. coli produces large quantities of toxin that cause severe damage to mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli? |
|
Definition
| enteropathogenic deforms microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Enterohemorrhagic E coli (O157:H7) presents how? |
|
Definition
hemorrhaic colitis
bloody diarrhea
hemolytic uremic syndrome
hemolytic anemia
renal failure
thrombocytopenia
leukocytes and blood in stool
|
|
|
Term
| What kind of E. coli destroys mucosal cells, with focal erosion, pseudomembrane formation, and dysenteric symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Salmonella organisms do not invade intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False?
Humans are the only host for S. typhi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two bugs for Salmonellosis and Typhoid fever? |
|
Definition
S. enteriditis
S. typhimurium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rose spots are red macular lesions occurring in patients suffering from typhoid |
|
|
Term
| What is the major cause of bacillary dysentery in endemic areas or poor hygiene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shigellosis flexneri invades mucosal cells but do not go beyond the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shigellosis flexneri produces a toxin that causes? |
|
Definition
hemorrhagic colitis
dysentery diarrhea
hemolytic uremic syndrome
gray ulcers |
|
|
Term
| Shellfish are a natural reservoir for what pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name gram positive sporulating anaerobes? |
|
Definition
Clostridum tetani (tetanus)
C. botulinum (botulis)
C. perfringens
C. difficile
|
|
|
Term
| What gives you clinical presentation of spasms, rigidity of voluntary muscles, trismus, risus sardonicus, trunk/back muscles, dysphagia, respiratory difficulty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is risus sardonicus? |
|
Definition
| facial muscle spasm and rigidity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trunk and back spasm and rigidity |
|
|
Term
| In a patient you see flaccid paralysis, blurred vision, dysarthria progressing to neck muscles, extremities, diaphram, and respiratory weakness, arrest, and death. What bug caused this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bug releases a toxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synaptic vesicle of cholinergic nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In your patient, you isolate a myotoxin that causes cellulitis and widespread tissue hemorrahic necrosis. You notice gas bubbles with edema, crepitus, and skin bullae and scant inflammation. You are worried about shock and death in you patient because you realize that you patient is infected with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
C. perfringens can also cause mild food poisoning due to enterotoxin from meat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You prescribed an antibiotic for your patient. Two weeks later they complained of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. You found damage to the colon, focal lesions to confluent ulcers, and inflammatory pseudomembrane. You suspect that ____ is flourishing in their colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Exotoxin occurs with which
pathogens? |
|
Definition
strep pyogenes
stap aureus
coynebacterium diphtherie
Clostridiumteteni
Cholera
|
|
|
Term
| Damage by endotoxin occurs with which pathogens? |
|
Definition
E coli.
Haemophilus
Salmonella
Shigella
Pseudomonas aerginosa
Yersinia pestis
|
|
|
Term
| Damage by direct cytopathic effect occurs with which pathogens? |
|
Definition
variola
varicella
Hep B
Polio
Measles
Influenza
Herpes
Human Herpes 8 |
|
|
Term
| Damage by Immune complex occurs with which pathogens? |
|
Definition
Hep B
Malaria
Step pyogenes
Treponema pallidum
Acute infections
|
|
|
Term
| Damage by anti-host antibody occurs with which pathogens? |
|
Definition
strep pyogenes
mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| Damage by cell mediated immunity occurs with which pathogens? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium
Lymphocyclic choriomeningitis
Borrelia
Schistosoma
Herpes Simplex
|
|
|
Term
T/F
Endotoxin can cause macrophages to make too much TNF and cause septic shock and death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Endotoxin causes macrophages to make TNF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
endotoxin results in protective inflammation using Il-6 and Il-8, Il8 induces protective acute phase proteins |
|
Definition
False
Il6 induces protective acute phase proteins |
|
|
Term
| Primary infections of streptococcal diseases are? |
|
Definition
erysipelas
aphthous ulcer
paryngitis
pnuemonia
impetigo
pueperal sepsis
abcess |
|
|
Term
| Secondary infections of streptococcal diseases are? |
|
Definition
meningitis
endocarditis
septicemia |
|
|
Term
| Non-infectious complications of streptococcal diseases are? |
|
Definition
rheumatic fever
scarlet fever |
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of Acute rheumatic fever include? |
|
Definition
vegetations
myocardial aschoff body
fibrous paricarditis |
|
|
