Term
| ѾгарѦни (nom.pl. агаѦне/огаране/ꙖгарѦне |
|
Definition
| arabere, trellkvinnen Hagars barn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Den sorte elv, antakelig en elv i Lilleasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (o-stamme), prefekten i Konstantinopel, i spissen for byens administrasjon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (o-stamme) bukt, fjordarm, dvs. Det gyldne horn, lånord fra skandinavisk |
|
|
Term
| What are lexical meanings of Za? |
|
Definition
| moving behind something, deflection, covering, filling, getting possession of something, reach natural endpoint |
|
|
Term
| What are the aktionsart meanings of za-? |
|
Definition
| inceptive, intensive, terminative |
|
|
Term
| What are different approaches to the semantics of the prefix za-? |
|
Definition
| traditional lexicographical approach, structuralist approach, cognitive |
|
|
Term
| How does the structuralist approach view Za-? |
|
Definition
| a smaller set of unrelated senses or distinctive features (behind, in, edge, up, devia, far, and derived Cover, Hide <- behind, and become, begin, fix <- in |
|
|
Term
| How is the semantic type of Za calculated according to the structuralist approach? |
|
Definition
| on the basis of semantic features of the prefix, the properties of the unprefixed base verb, and the argument structure of the unprefixed verb |
|
|
Term
| What is the traditional lexicographical approach? |
|
Definition
| describes derivational types of verbs with the prefix za-, some of which are related to each other |
|
|
Term
| What is the cognitive approach to the semantics of the prefix za? |
|
Definition
| presents different meanings of za in terms of a cognitive readial network, submeanings are releated to each other and can be presented as a set of configurations (or spatial image-schemas). A configuration consists of landmark and trajector which moves in relation to it |
|
|
Term
| What is the constructional approach to za? |
|
Definition
different senses of Za are not only verb class-specific, but also construction specific. Each variant of the locative alternation is associated with a different meaning of Za-
ZA can both change the basic constructional properties of the unprefixed verb and provide conditions for alternation |
|
|
Term
| Syntactic and lexical approaches do what? |
|
Definition
| Focus on the meaning of the verb. treat the syntactic options as secondary to the intrinsic properties of the verb (content-oriented or container-oriented) |
|
|
Term
| Frame approach relates to the syntactic construction how? |
|
Definition
| takes the syntactic construction as a point of departure, shows how different constructions are related to each other within bigger frames. words like load are split into separate lexical units, depending on the semantics frames they evoke |
|
|
Term
| How is the Locative alternation seen in Constructionalist approaches? |
|
Definition
| en epiphenomenon of the compatibility between the verbal meaning and two independently existing constructions |
|
|
Term
| What can a verb codify? manner or path? |
|
Definition
| either manner or result/path, but not both at the same time. only one of these semantic components is codified in the verbal root, the other can be expressed outside the verb |
|
|
Term
| How do verb-framed languages approach manner vs. path? |
|
Definition
| lexicalize the path of motion in the verb and express the manner, if specified, in a secondary element |
|
|
Term
| How to satellite-framed languages approach manner vs. path? |
|
Definition
| they codify the manner of motion in the verb, the path is relegated to a secondary element (a preposition or a prefix) - Germanic and Slavic |
|
|
Term
| What is particular about a Hybrid Verb? |
|
Definition
| associated with a particular manner of displacing thing involve the directionality "outside-inside", load, pack, stuff, pour, strew |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of manner verbs? |
|
Definition
| splatter or spray - wide-spread or undirected distribution of a liquid. contact of mass against a surface - duab, smear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imply path, denote movement of the theme from one place to another - lay, hang, stand |
|
|
Term
| What Za-verbs alternate in Russian and Polish? |
|
Definition
| manner (spray, splatter, daub, smear), path verbs (hang, stand, lay), hybrid verbs (load, pack, stuff, strew, pour) |
|
|
Term
| What are verbs that can alternate when unprefixed? |
|
Definition
Russian: bryzgat (splatter), mazat' (smear), gruzit' (load), pakovat' (pack)
Polish: all the verbs except pchac stuff and the positional verbs klasc (lay), wieszac hang and stawiac, stand |
|
|
Term
| Verbs that do not alternate without a prefix and can be used either in the Theme-object or goal-object construction depending on the prefix |
|
Definition
| Russian stavit' (put, place) is used in Theme-object, while its perfectives with ZA, and OB choose the Goal-object construction |
|
|
Term
| Some Russian verbs do not alternate when unprefixed but can be used in both constructions with certain prefixes |
|
Definition
| zalit- pour, zasypat, strew, zaveshat/savesit - hang, zalozhit - lay, with the prefix za |
|
|
Term
| What are alternating ZA-verbs in Russian and Polish in reduced constructions |
|
Definition
| constrictions where one of the participants is missing, theme-object constructions with a missing goal |
|
|
Term
| What is constructional profiling? |
|
Definition
| The relative frequency distribution of the construction a word appears in? |
|
|
Term
| What Polish verbs do not appear in the theme-object constructions? |
|
Definition
| zabryzgac, zasmarowac, zasypac, zalac, zastawic |
|
|
Term
| What Russian ZA-verbs never appear in the theme-object construction? |
|
Definition
| zabryzgat, zamazat, zastavit |
|
|
Term
| What Russian Za verbs rarely appear in the theme-object construction? |
|
Definition
| zalit, zasypat, zavesat/zavesit |
|
|
Term
| What Russian Za verbs only appear in the Theme-object constructions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Polish Za verbs only apear in the theme-object construction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Russian Za-verbs rarely appear in the goal-object construction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What verbs favor the Goal-Object construction? |
|
Definition
splatter - Russian zabryzgat
smear and daub (Russian zamazat and Polish zasmarowac, zamasac)
Strew - Russian zasypat, Polish zasypac
Pour - Russian zalit, Polish zalac
stand - Russian zastavit, Polish zastawic |
|
|
Term
| What verbs favor the Theme-object construction? |
|
Definition
| pack (Russian zapakovat, Polish zapakowac). lay (Russian zalozhit, Polish zalosyc) |
|
|
Term
| What are manner verbs associated with in both Russian and Polish? |
|
Definition
| change of state meanings. verbs with a strong manner component avoid constructions describing displacment |
|
|
Term
| How do Path and Hybrid verbs differ from manner verbs in that most of them appear in both constructions |
|
Definition
| most of them appear in both constructions. the proportion between the Theme-object and the Goal-object constructions for hybrid verbs depends on the idiosyncratic properties of individual verbs, first of all on whether the Theme is a mass or a count |
|
|
Term
| Za is more frequent in what construction in both Russian and Polish? |
|
Definition
Goal-object
ZA- eliminates alternation within the manner verbs, strengthening the goal-object. shifts hybrid and path from Theme to Goal-object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows a stronger preference for one of the constructions, depending on the semantics of the verbal root, while in Russian there is a whole group of Za-verbs that can alternate |
|
|
Term
| What are verbs where a high alternation is attested only for Russian? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What construction do the verbs for hang in Russian and Polish prefer? |
|
Definition
Russian- Goal-object construction
Polish - Theme-object construction |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference in how the verbs for stuff act in Russian and Polish? |
|
Definition
Russian - zapixat only in Theme-object
Polish - zapchac - attested only in Goal-object construction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| za is strongly associated with a container. Russian sets a restriction on the use of zavesit hang in the Theme object since Goal of hang is always a surface |
|
|
Term
| How can the difference in the case for push be accounted for? |
|
Definition
| significant shift in meaning, which occurs in the Polish verb pchac. when prefixed with za it gains the maning stuff or choke, placing the focus on the goal and changing the construction |
|
|
