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| Orientailism (positivist and romanticist) |
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Positivist: neg. view of the East/ irrational, unfair, uncivilized == from the news and media Romanticist: pos. tivew of the East: spiritual, exotic, traditonal---from Hollywood and travel industry |
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| "that which is heard" sacred sound, mantras, repetition of sacred sound --no meaning, Sanskrit verses...stories of Gods/Goddesses |
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| to see, behold w/faith and be seen by divinity |
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2750-1750 BCE Hindu themes bathing outside temple, fire altars, Siva- yoga |
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| priestly caste-highest caste |
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| rulers, warriors (2nd highest caste) |
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| merchants (3rd highest caste) |
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| servants (lowest caste besides untouchables) |
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| (duty) path --doctrine of karma |
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| color --part of varnasramadharma |
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(stage in life) 1. celibate student -learning dharma 2. Householders aim: artha and kama 3. forest dweller-retirement 4. sannyasin-give up earthly attatchments --shows that you are ready for moksa |
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follow duty according to caste and stage in life Orthodox Hinduism Only top 3 castes *brahmin, ksatriya, vaisya* and men can reach moksa |
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| baggage from a past life/good to rid onself of good and bad karma--then you are ready for moksa |
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Advaita--non-dual Vedanta-teachings from the Upanisads 1 reality= Brahman meditation w/in all of us ==Atman == spark of divine energy (Brahman) perceptions of divided selves == maya==illusion |
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divine energy Advaita Vedanta meditation |
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Spark of the divine energy w/in all of us Advaita Vedanta |
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ego-illusion-perception of divided selves Advaita Vedanta |
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Karma yoga: work (dedicate self to work) traditional yoga jnana yoga: knowledge-scripture --self (Atman) Bhakti yoga: devotion to a deity *most popular way to moksa* |
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Wide practice: no defined ritual guru -disciplined relatism: need guidance or hurt yourself internal/external devotion connected to Sankara's Advaita--meditation (internal)--bhakti yoga temple ritua (external) -usually goddess male/female union- kyndalini (female serpent) Ritual: mantra: repitition of words mudra: motion (usually loud) movement mandalas-geometrical shapes-visual sexual ritual only 2% --hidden |
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| energy body--tantras (yoga) |
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| female serpent --dangerous but protective --tantra |
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| holy left overs from offerings at puja |
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| worhships that give offerings |
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| sacred statue --divine presence (Hindu ritual) |
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1st layer of sanskrit text (3 layers) oldest 1500-600 BCE fire scarfice by Brahmin priests |
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2nd layer in Sanskrit text (3 layers) teachings---Vedenta 600 BCE sacred power within through internal sacrifice/discipline ascetic meditation, yoga--fire within |
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3rd layer in the Sanskrit texts (3 layers) books/stories Gods/Goddesses 300 BCE-1000 CE sacred power available to anyone w/devotin --bhakti |
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male --Siva erotic sculpture |
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female-- Parvati erotic sculpture |
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female powder prosperity of Artha |
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| release from cycle; birth/rebirth (samsara) |
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| sexual, sensual pleasures---aim of householders (asramas) (pleasure) |
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| material gain: aim for householder --asrama (prosperity) |
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Sect Family Siva and Parvati and Son Ganesh |
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Sect Family Visnu and Laksmi--avatars Krshna Rama and Sita |
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Sect Family Independent Goddess Durga and Kali |
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| God and goddess --avatars of visnu are Krsna and Rama |
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| Goddess: pretty but kills demons |
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