Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ASI 320
exam #3
49
Agriculture
Undergraduate 2
04/06/2011

Additional Agriculture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
top 5 pet food companies
Definition

1. nestle-purina

2. mars

3. iams

4. hill's

5. del monte

Term
top 3 broiler producers
Definition

1. tysons

2. pilgrims pride

3. perdue farms

Term
why do pet foods generally exceed animal requirements for most nutrients?
Definition
to ensure a margin of safety
Term
why are unproven ingredients often added to companion animal diets?
Definition
for consumer appeal
Term
What typically happens to the weight of a companion animal once spayed or neutered?
Definition
they gain more weight
Term
what does dietary fiber do in companion animal diets?
Definition

-simplifies weight management

-keeps one regular...no diarrhea or constipation

-reduces blood sugar levels to control diabetes

Term
what happens if too much ash is fed to companion animals?
Definition
they can get kidney stones
Term
What type of protein sources are more easily digested in companion animals?
Definition
animal protein
Term
what does a taurine deficiency in cats lead to?
Definition

-abnormal heart function

-retinal structure problems

-insufficient bile salt production

-reproductive failure

Term
how do animal and plant sources vary in taurine and ash content?
Definition

animal sources-good taurine; bad ash

plant sources-bad taurine; good ash

Term
forage
Definition
plant material, usually excluding seeds and roots, that is grown for feeding to livestock
Term
cool season grasses grow most actively when?
Definition
spring and fall
Term
warm season grasses grow most actively in?
Definition
summer
Term
forb
Definition
primarily broad-leaf, non-woody plants
Term
browse
Definition
woody plants consumed by selective eaters, such as deer, goats, etc.
Term
how do legumes compare to grasses?
Definition

-legumes are higher in protein, calcium, and potassium

-mixed with grasses to reduce N fertilization

Term
forage nutritive value
Definition

-low energy

-high fiber

-highly variable nutrient content

-limited use in non-ruminants

Term
what are the 4 things of feed analysis
Definition

1. should be biologically significant

2. results must be repeatable

3. preferably can be done quickly

4. preferably low cost

Term
Van Soest Detergent System for Fiber Analysis
Definition

feed

................neutral detergen system.....

↓                                                    ↓

cell contents (solubles)                   Neutral Detergent Fiber

                                                      ↓

....................................acid detergent system...

↓                                                                  ↓

Hemicellulose (solubles)                              Acid Detergent Fiber

.........................................................H2SO4...

↓                                                                  ↓

Cellulose (solubles)                                                Lignin

Term
true/false. lignin is not digestible
Definition
true
Term
what happens to forages as they mature
Definition
they become lesser and lesser in fee value due to digestibility and crude protein
Term
relative feed value =
Definition
(% Digestible Dry Matter * %Dry Matter Intake) / 1.29
Term
Dry Matter Intake =
Definition
120 / % Neutral Detergent Fiber
Term
Digestible Dry Matter =
Definition
88.9 - (%ADF * .779)
Term
Acid Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen = 
Definition
(%Nitrogen in ADF) / (Total %Nitrogen of Forage)
Term
advantages of hay
Definition

-dry product (10-16% moisture)

-conducive to long distance transport

-suitable for longe term storage

Term
disadvantages of hay
Definition

-dry matter losses during harvest (leaves)

-field losses due to advancing maturity

-losses during processing and feeding

Term
advantages of forages
Definition

-decrease in harvest loss

-increased nutritive value

-increased productivity

Term
disadvantages of forages
Definition

-increased storage losses

-potential for mold growth

-transportation is difficult due to high moisture

Term
3 factors affecting hay quality
Definition

1. harvest maturity

2. harvest conditions

3. storage system

Term
most popular silage in the US
Definition
corn silage
Term
phytoestrogens
Definition
delayed estrus can result from flushing or breeding ewes on legume pastures
Term
pregnancy toxemia (ketosis)
Definition
caused by rapid fat mobilization during late pregnancy [glucose is the usual treatment]
Term
milk fever
Definition
occurs prepartum in ewes and postpartum in other species
Term
recommended mineral/vitamin nutrition for goats
Definition
-grass tetany can be prevented in early lactation with a magnesium supplement
Term
recommended mineral/vitamin nutrition for sheep
Definition

-limit copper, because copper toxicity is common

-trace mineral supplementation

-injectable selenium where white muscle disease is common

Term
how long should you wait before giving a horse water after intense exercise?
Definition
60-90min
Term
in horses heavy work and lactation require much more.............and..............?
Definition
digestible energy; crude protein
Term
colic
Definition
severe abdominal pains....excess gas in intestines
Term
founder
Definition
inflammation of hoof laminae resulting in tissue damage - almost impossible to get bone to reattach
Term
heaves
Definition
lung aveoli become fibrous and eventually rupture
Term
canthardin toxicosis
Definition
blister-beetle poisoning
Term
azoturia
Definition
exertional rhabdomyolysis (monday-morning sickness)
Term
horses should eat about how much forages/day
Definition
1-2% body weight
Term
how much grain should a horse eat/day
Definition
do not feed an excess of .75% of body weight at single feeding
Term
4 goals of poultry feeding
Definition

1. minimize feed costs

2. maximize feed efficiency

3. minimize wet litter output

4. minimize negative environmental effects

Term
feed costs are how much of the total production costs in poultry?
Definition
60-70%
Term
what are the 4 limiting amino acids in poultry diets?
Definition

1. methionine

2. lysine

3. threonine

4. isoleucine

Term
what are the 6 phases of turkey feeding?
Definition
0-4, 5-8, 9-11, 12-14, 14-16, 17+
Supporting users have an ad free experience!