1.produces progeny identical to single parent

2. preserves highly adapted characteristics

3. does not creat genetic diversity

1.) simple cell division

2.) budding

3.) spores

4.)vegetative reproduction

"daughter cells" of equal size

1) binary fission in prokaryotes

2.) mitosis in eukaryotic cells

"daughter products" of unequal size.

the bud breaks off and forms a new plant. ex budding hydra

-can be haploid or diploid

-asexual reproductive cells

-can divide by mitosis to produce mature individuals

-often thick walled to resist desiccation, freezing

-pathenogenesis (ex daphnia)

cloned individuals from parts of adults

1.)stems- runners in strawberries

-rhizomes in Iris (grasses)

-tubers in potatoes

2.)roots- suckers, root sprouts

3.) leaves- maternity plants, cuttings

4.) used in horticulture to preserve desired plant characterists

1.) cheap

2.)rapid

3.)adapt

1.) archebacteria

2.) eubacteria

3.) haploid

1.) haploid

2.) asexual

at least 700 million years ago

probably by accident. 2 halpoid got together, nuclear material fused. diploid formed

either : reuslting diploid cells never divided meitotically again

-permenentaly arrested in diploid state and incapable of sex ex: euflena, amoeba

or diploid undwent meitoic division (reduction division) restoring haploid condition

-first sex -syngamy and reduction division

-produces genetic variation in populations

only haploid free living phase is possible

this is zygotic meiosis ex: algae, fungi

if diplooid zygotte gave rise to a ___1___ but certain cells of this phase divided ___2_____ giving rise to haploid spores that could ___3____ and divide mitotically producing a haploid phase that gives rise to ___4____ that fuse to give rise to __5____

1.) multicellular diploid phase

2.) meiotically

3.)germinate

4.)gametes

5.)diploid zygote