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27
Psychology
3rd Grade
04/10/2008

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Term

During the sensorimotor period:

a.

children are learning about reversibility of set

b.

a child’s schema involves mostly sensory and motor abilities

c.

mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world

d.

individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions

Definition

b.

a child’s schema involves mostly sensory and motor abilities

Term

Four-year-old Keifer says, "We wented to school." This most likely indicates that:

a.

Keifer's parents use poor English at home

b.

Keifer has forgotten the proper way to form past tense

c.

English is not Keifer's native language

d.

Keifer is overgeneralizing a grammatical rule

Definition

d.

Keifer is overgeneralizing a grammatical rule

Term

According to psychologists, elaboration in memory involves:

a.

internal repetition of information to be recalled

b.

forming connections between new information and information already in memory

c.

rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns

d.

creating a visual image of the information that is to be stored in memory

Definition

b.

forming connections between new information and information already in memory

Term

Freud suggested that the portion of the personality that seeks immediate gratification of innate urges is:

a.

the superego          

b.

the ego

c.

the id

d.

the collective unconscious

Definition

c.

the id

Term

Mora has just turned four, and she has started acting with hostility toward her mother. At the same time, she wants her father's undivided attention all the time. According to Freud, Mora would currently be in the:

a.

genital stage of personality development

b.

phallic stage of personality development

c.

latency period of personality development

d.

anal stage of personality development

Definition

b.

phallic stage of personality development

Term

Derek is playing with a red ball when it rolls under the couch. Even though he cannot see where the ball went, Derek immediately starts to search for it. According to Piaget, this would suggest that Derek:

a.

has not yet mastered object permanence

b.

does not yet understand conservation

c.

has mastered the concept of conservation

d.

understands object permanence

Definition

d.

understands object permanence

Term

According to Piaget, during the concrete operational period:

a.

schemata revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities

b.

children have a difficult time understanding reversibility

c.

individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions

d.

mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world

Definition

d.

mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world

Term

Babies generally start babbling:

a.

in the first few hours after they are born

b.

during the first month

c.

between the ages of 4 and 6 months

d.

between the ages of 2 and 3 months

Definition

c.

between the ages of 4 and 6 months

Term
jung proposed that the collective unconscious contains:

a.

all the forbidden desires and traumas accumulated over the person's life

b.

the ego and its defense mechanisms

c.

archetypes, symbols of enduring concepts passed from one generation to the next

d.

a driving force to overcome inferiority and to achieve superiority

Definition

c.

archetypes, symbols of enduring concepts passed from one generation to the next

Term

A tendency to only see objects and their potential uses in typical ways is called:

a.

functional fixedness

b.

belief persistence

c.

the availability heuristic

d.

representativeness

Definition

a.

functional fixedness

Term

According to Erikson, during the first year of life young infants must resolve the psychosocial crisis of:

a.

initiative versus guilt

b.

industry versus inferiority

c.

generativity versus stagnation

d.

trust versus mistrust

Definition

d.

trust versus mistrust

Term

According to Piaget, during the formal operational period:

a.

schemata revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities

b.

children have a difficult time understanding reversibility

c.

individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions

d.

mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world

Definition

c.

individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions

Term

The internal repetition of the contents of short-term memory is referred to as:

a.

rehearsal

b.

chunking

c.

elaboration

d.

repression

Definition

a.

rehearsal

Term

The second stage in Freud's conception of psychosexual development, which occurs during the second year of life, is the:

a.

oral stage

b.

latency period

c.

anal stage

d.

phallic stage

Definition

c.

anal stage

Term

Three essential characteristics in any spoken language are:

a.

phonology, morphology, and grammar

b.

phonology, syntax and semantics

c.

grammar, syntax, and structure

d.

semantics, morphology, and meaning

Definition

b.

phonology, syntax and semantics

Term

Personality tests that are based on the assumption that people's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli will reveal elements of their personality are called:

a.

projective tests

b.

self-report tests

c.

objective tests

d.

personality inventories

Definition
a.

projective tests

Term

Giving self-justifying plausible excuses that hide the real reasons for our behavior defines the defense mechanism known as:

a.

regression

b.

reaction formation

c.

projection

d.

rationalization

Definition

d.

rationalization

Term
Four-year-old Brittany mistakes her next-door neighbor's new pet rabbit for a kitty cat. Brittany's error best illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as:

accommodation
assimilation
object permanence
centration



d.
Definition
b.


assimilation
Term
According to Piaget, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemata is called:accommodation
centration
conservation
assimilation
Definition
assimilation
Term
According to Piaget, the sensorimotor period of development lasts from:
a. the age of 2 through age 7
b. the age of 7 through age 11
c. the age of 11 through adulthood
d. birth through the age of 2
Definition
d. birth through the age of 2
Term
According to psychologists, the basic processes involved in memory are:
a. rehearsal, organization, and interference
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval
c. retrograde and anterograde
d. primacy and recency
Definition
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval
Term
The pattern of maturation within the nervous system would suggest that most newborn infants would be able to control:
a. their legs better than their arms
b. their fingers better than their hands
c. their feet better than their hands
d. their arms better than their feet
Definition
d. their arms better than their feet
Term
A class of objects that most people agree belongs together is called:
a. an algorithm
b. a hierarchy
c. a category
d. a prototype
Definition
c. a category
Term
According to Gordon Allport, cardinal traits are:
a. personality traits that dominate an individual's life
b. a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual
c. less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior
d. three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals
Definition
a. personality traits that dominate an individual's life
Term
Our knowledge about how to perform complex tasks is referred to as:
a. episodic memory
b. semantic memory
c. procedural memory
d. acoustic memory
Definition
c. procedural memory
Term
According to Mary Ainsworth, a child who shows concern when the mother leaves, but who calms down rapidly when she returns, is displaying:
a. a resistant attachment
b. a secure attachment
c. an avoidant attachment
d. no attachment
Definition
b. a secure attachment
Term
According to Freud, the superego is the portion of the personality:
a. that is governed by inborn instinctual drives
b. that motivates people to act in accordance with society's moral customs
c. that induces people to act with reason and deliberation
d. that is usually inactive, but contains potentially accessible thoughts and memories
Definition
b. that motivates people to act in accordance with society's moral customs
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