Term
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Definition
–Restrict microorganisms in the environment and on equipment and supplies from contaminating surgical wound
–Prevent normal body flora from contaminating the surgical wound |
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Term
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Definition
–Skin and mucous membranes
–Usually impervious to most pathogenic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
–Prevents an invading pathogen from reproducing and possibly involving other tissue
–Occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. This helps isolate the foreign substance from further contact with body tissues |
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Term
| Infection can take place in which body wall layers that have been incised? |
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Definition
•Superficial SSI – skin and tissue
•Deep incisional SSI – deep soft tissue, fascia, and muscle
•Organ or space SSI – any part of the anatomy other than the incision |
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Term
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Definition
–Presence of pathogenic microorganisms on or in animate or inanimate objects
–Term generally used to reference a specific object, substance, or tissue that contains microorganisms, especially disease-producing microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
•Classification – according to shape
–Cocci – round
–Bacilli – rod or tubular
–Spirilla
•Spiral or corkscrew shaped
•Have the ability to move on their own |
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Term
–Contains water
–Work is carried out here |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Contains genetic makeup of cell |
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Term
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Definition
– Capsule
– Completely surrounds the cell
– Acts as a protective layer
– Has disease-producing power
–When using antiseptic it is used to penetrate this layer |
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Term
Factors for growth (temperature)
Mesophils |
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Definition
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Term
Factors for growth (temperature)
Thermophil |
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Definition
–100 0C
–Can survive at boiling point of water |
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Term
Factors for growth (temperature)
Psychrophil |
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Definition
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Term
Factors for growth
– Oxygen(O2) |
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Definition
•Aerobic – need O2 to grow and survive
•Anaerobic – can’t grow if O2 is present
•Facultative – can survive with or with out O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them |
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Term
When environmental conditions become unfavorable some bacteria may form a hard outer shell to help them survive
•They are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most are bacterias are harmless except |
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Definition
| Anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis) and Tetanus (Clostridium Tetani) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi spores can spread through |
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Definition
| contact, float on the water or float in the air |
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Term
| Difference between yeast and mold is |
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Definition
| yeast is non-filamentus (no strands or hair like projections) |
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Term
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Definition
Viruses
–Much smaller than bacteria
–Need an electron microscope
–Able to pass through bacteria filters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
– Pain
– Redness (Erythema )
– Immobility (Dysfunction of area of inflammation)
– Swelling
– Heat (warm to the touch) |
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Term
Local tissue reaction due to injury (ChESTER)
• Causes |
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Definition
– Chemicals
– Excessive heat
– Sun
– Trauma
– Electricity
– Radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of bacteria in blood and is often associated with sever infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete elimination of microbial viability |
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Term
| Two main types of sterilization procedures used in hospitals |
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Definition
–Steam
–Chemical sterilization (cold sterilization) |
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Term
| Safest most practical means of sterilization |
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Definition
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Term
| Holding time and temp for steam sterilization |
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Definition
| Holding time/temp – 250°F (121°C) for 30 minutes |
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Term
| Three types of steam sterilizers |
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Definition
•Gravity or downward displacement sterilizer
•Pre-vacuum or mechanical air removal, high temperature sterilizer
•High speed pressure sterilization, (flash type) |
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Term
| 5 phases of steam sterilization |
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Definition
–Loading phase
•package, packing and loading
–Heating phase
•when steam penetrates the article
–Destroying phase
•when microbes are destroyed
–Drying and cooling phase
–Testing phase
checking the sterilizer calibration |
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Term
•Chemical sterilization (cold sterilization)
–Two types are? |
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Definition
•Gas (Ethylene Oxide EtO)
•Liquid (Cidex) |
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Term
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Definition
–The process of destroying or inhibiting disease-producing microorganisms outside the body
–This process may destroy tubercle bacilli and inactivate hepatitis viruses but will not usually kill resistant bacterial spores |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical used to disinfect or inhibit microorganisms in an animate object (skin, hand) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical used to disinfect inanimate object (outside the body) |
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Term
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Definition
–Halogens and halogen compounds (iodines, chlorines)
–Heavy metals
•Poor disinfectants (thimersols-found in salines, mercury)
–Phenols (C6H5OH)) used primarily as intermediate to low level disinfectant for environmental disinfection. May leave residue and cause tissue damage
– Alcohols (isopropyl 70%, ethyl alcohol 90%)
•More used as antiseptic than disinfectant |
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Term
| 3 antimicrobial agents used are? |
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Definition
–Povidone-iodine comples
–Chlorhexdine gluconate (CHG)
–Parachloro-mextaxylenon (chloroxylenol, PCMX) for those with sensitive skin |
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Term
| How many strokes when scrubbing the nails? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many strokes when scrubbing the skin areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Single-Use disposable drapes prevent bacterial penetration and fluid breakthrough, also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins which cause what? |
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Definition
| These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. This helps isolate the foreign substance from further contact with body tissues |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Microorganisms? |
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Definition
–Unicellular units (one cell)
–Protista (plant kingdom)
–Microscopic
–Protoplasm |
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Term
| What is a bacteria cell composed of? |
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Definition
–Bacteria cell is composed of protoplasm and 4 parts
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
• Slime layer |
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Term
| What are the factors of microorganism growth? |
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Definition
– Oxygen(O2)
– Moisture
– Food sources |
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Term
| What are food sources for microorganisms? |
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Definition
•Glucose • Phosphorus
•Proteins • Sulfur
•O2 • Nitrogen |
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Term
| At what rate do microorganisms reproduce? |
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Definition
| Reproduce at a fast rate hours/days |
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Term
| What are the microorganism cell groupings? |
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Definition
–Diplococci – 2 paired (dipole) oo bb
–Streptococci
•Chains
•Cause: Rheumatic fever, Endocarditis
–Staphylococci
•Masses • Usually harmless
•Clusters • Most prevalent in the skin |
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Term
| Which microorganism is more prevalent in the skin? |
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Definition
Staphylococci
•Masses • Usually harmless
•Clusters |
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Term
| Which microorganism causes: Rheumatic fever and Endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria will form endospores |
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Definition
| Bacillus, Cocci and Clostridium |
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Term
| 70% of yeast infections are caused by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| byproduct of alcohol and CO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Live in the soil usually in decomposed organic matter |
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Definition
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Term
| traps pathogens, dirt, and particulate matter so that they can be sequestered and eliminated by the body |
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Definition
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Term
•Rich in blood flow
•May kill some bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Spleen
–Removes antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells |
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Term
| What are some parts of the immune system? |
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Definition
| tonsils, lymph nodes, appendix, spleen and thymus |
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Term
| Specialized cells that patrol throughout your body looking for pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| A collection of pus beneath the skin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Used only for materials that are heat sensitive |
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Definition
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Term
| Once activated Cidex is good for how many days? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oldest for liquid sterilization |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shelf life if the item is plastic sealed? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ‘Gold Standard’ for surgical asepsis |
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Definition
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