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AS Module 1
Atomic Structure, Bonding and Periodicity
34
Chemistry
Not Applicable
10/13/2007

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Cards

Term
What is the Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)?
Definition
The average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Term
What is the Molar Mass?
Definition
The mass in grams of one mole of particles (The top number on Periodic Table)
Term
What is a Mole?
Definition
The measure of the number of particles
Term
What is the Empirical Formula?
Definition
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Term
What is the Molecular Formula?
Definition
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Term
What is the Relative Mass and Relative charge of a Proton?
Definition

Relative Mass: 1

Relative Charge: +1

Term
What is the Relative Mass and Relative Charge of a Neutron?
Definition

Relative Mass: 1

Relative Charge: 0

Term
What is the Relative Mass and Relative Charge of an Electron?
Definition

Relative Mass: 1/1800

Relative Charge: -1

Term
What is the Mass Number?
Definition
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element (A)
Term
What is the Atomic Number?
Definition
The number of protons in the nucleus (Z)
Term
What is an isotope of an element? (Physical and Chemical properties?)
Definition

Has the same number of protons BUT a different number of neutrons

Physical properties of isotopes differ

Chemical properties of isotopes are the same

Term
Name the 4 stages of Mass Spectrometry
Definition

1) Ionisation
2) Acceleration
3) Deflection
4) Detection

Term
Describe the process of ionisation
Definition
Electrons from the electron gun is fired into the sample and knocks off the outermost electon forming a unipositive ion
Term
What is the general equation for ionisation?
Definition
X(g) → X+(g) + e-
Term
How does acceleration occur in mass spectrometry?
Definition
A negative electric field accelerates the beam of postive ions and slits narrow it
Term
Describe how deflection occurs
Definition
The fast moving beam of positive ions is deflectd by  variable magnetic field
Term
For a given magnetic field: the greater the mass...
Definition
the less the ions are deflected
Term
For a given magnetic field: the greater the postive charge...
Definition
the more they are deflected
Term
Describe the process of detection
Definition
When a positive ion reaches the detecter, a tiny current is produced. The signal is fed to a recorder.
Term
Why do the chemical properties of isotopes stay the same?
Definition
Because there are the same number of electrons and electron configuration
Term
Recite the electronic configuration pattern
Definition
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14
Term
As you go down Group II from beryllium to barium...
Definition
there is a succesive decrease in first ionisation energy
Term
There is a decrease in ionisation energy as you go down Group II because....
Definition

The outer electron is:
- further away from the nucleus

- more shielded from nuclues by inner electrons

SO electron is more easily removed

Term
As you go across Period 3...
Definition
there is a general increase in ionisation energy
Term
There is a general increase in ionisation energy as you go across Period 3 because...
Definition

the nuclear charge in each element increases

and so

the electrons are attracted more strongly and it takes more energy to remove

Term
There is a fall in ionisation energy from magnesium to aluminium because...
Definition
the outer electron in aluminium is in a p sublevel (higher energy level than s sublevel of magnesium) 
Term
The fall in ionisation energy from Phosphorus to Sulphur is because...
Definition
the electrons are paired in the 3p sub level of Sulphur. This means they repel each other and are less attracted to the nucleus.
Term
What is a covalent bond?
Definition
The bond formed between two non-metals (they share electrons)
Term
What is ionic bonding?
Definition
The bond formed between a positive metal and a negative non-metal (transferring of electrons)
Term
What is Avogadro's Constant (L)?
Definition
6.023 x 1023
Term
How many particles does 1 mole of a substance contain?
Definition
6.023 x 1023 (Avogadro's Constant)
Term

What is the equation for the

Number of moles?<

Definition
Mass (g)
Molar Mass (gmol-1) 

 

Term
What is the Ideal Gas Equation?
Definition

PV = nRT

P = Pressure in Pa
V = Volume in m3

T = temperature in K

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