Term
| What are the two basic types of cells? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
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Term
| What make up the Prokaryotae Kingdom? |
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Definition
| Bacteria and cyanobacteria |
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Term
| Name every structure possible in a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
-Infolding of cell surface membrane
-Ribosome
-circular DNA
-cell surface membrane
-cell wall
-cytoplasm
-flagellum
-pili
-capsule
-plasmid |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: infolding of cell surface membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of: plasmid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of: capsule? |
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Definition
| Slimy layer on surface for protection and to prevent dehydration |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: pili? |
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Definition
| Thin, protein tubes allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: flagellum? |
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Definition
| Hollow cylindrical thread-like structure rotates to move the cell |
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Term
| Eukaryotic cells contain... |
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Definition
| Discrete membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
| Name every structure possible in a eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
-Cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Centrioles
-Endoplasmic recticulum
-Ribosomes
-Golgi apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Nucleus
-Nucleolus
-Mitochondria |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: cell membrane? |
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Definition
| To enclose the cells contents and allow the transportion of molecules in and out |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| It is the place where metabolic reactions occur |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: centrioles? |
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Definition
| They form spindle during nuclear division and in transport within the cells cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: endoplasmic recticulum? |
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Definition
Transport stuff around the cell
Smooth ER contains enzymes
Rough ER contains ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: ribosomes? |
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Definition
| The site of protein synthesis |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| Processes proteins before transporting them |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: lysosomes? |
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Definition
| Contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste and turns it into new material |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: nucleus? |
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Definition
| Stores the cells DNA, the DNA in chromosomes contains genes which control the synthesis of proteins |
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Term
| What is the purpose of: nucleolus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of: mitochondria? |
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Definition
Site of respiration (structure=cristae)
Creates ATP energy |
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Term
| What is the name of the two gametes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in an egg cell? |
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Definition
Lysosomes
Cell surface membrane
Jelly coating (zona pellucida)
Follicle cells
Lipid droplets
Cytoplasm
Haploid nucleus |
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Term
| What is found in a sperm cell? |
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Definition
Haploid nucleus
Acrosome
Mitochondrion
Flagellum |
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Term
| Describe (by each stage) fertilization of an egg and sperm cell |
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Definition
Sperm reaches ovum
Chemicals released from cells around the ovum cause acrosome reaction
Acrosome swells and fuses sperm with cell surface membrane
Digestive enzymes in acrosome released
Enzymes digest through follicle cell and zona pellicuda
Sperm fuses with membrane
Sperm nucleus enters the ovum
Enzymes released via lysosomes thicken zona pellicuda
Nuclei of cell and sperm fuse |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ovaries, testes and anthers |
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Term
| Describe the stages of meiosis: |
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Definition
Chromosomes replicate before division each creating 2 chromatids
Homologous chromosomes pair up and separate
Chromatids separate and gametes are formed with half the original chromosomes |
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Term
| What two processes cause genetic variation? |
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Definition
Independent assortment
Crossing over |
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Term
| Explain independent assortment |
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Definition
| The arrangement of chromosomes in gametes are random |
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Term
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Definition
| When chromatids come in contact with each other DNA cross over (chiasm) giving a variation alleles |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle in order? |
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Definition
| Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase; telophase, cytokinesis |
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Term
| What happens during interphase? |
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Definition
Newly formed cells grow
Cell prepares to divide
Chromosomes are replicated and condensed
Some organelles increase in number |
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Term
| What happens during prophase? |
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Definition
Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Nucleolus disappears
Spindle forms
Centrioles move to opposite poles |
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Term
| What happens during metaphase? |
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Definition
Chromosomes (pair of chromatids) line up at the equator
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibres
Fibres attach at the centromere |
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Term
| What happens during anaphase? |
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Definition
Spindle fibres contract
Fibres pull chromatids apart |
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Term
| What happens during telophase? |
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Definition
Chromosomes decondense
Nuclear envelope reforms
Nucleolus reappears |
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Term
| What happens during cytokinesis? |
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Definition
Organelles become equally arranged at opposite sides of cell
Cytoplasm divides
Cell divides to form 2 daughter cells |
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Term
| List the steps of an experiment to view mitosis? |
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Definition
Cut end of plant root
Add orcein stain
Add acid
Pull apart the root via needles
Place on a microscope slide and squash
Add more stain, warm and place on microscope |
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Term
| Name a stain used in root tip squash experiment: |
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Definition
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