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AS Biology
Molecules and Cells Cell Organelles
11
Biology
12th Grade
03/23/2007

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Term
NUCLEUS
Definition
  • Enclosed in a double membrane
  • Communicates with surrounding cytoplasm through nuclear pores
  • Contains DNA which is similar to the DNA of other cells, but in specific cells some genes may be turned on or of
  • Term
    RER
    Definition
  • The presence of ribosomes gives the surface of this organelle a pebbled profile in electron microscopy
  • Ribosomes make proteins which are collected in the RER to be transported throughout the cell
  • Term
    SER
    Definition
  • A vast network of membrane bounded vesicles and tubules
  • Found in cells responsible for hormaone production and other secratory products
  • Plays specific cell functions depeding on the specific cell, including lipid and steroid hormaone production
  • Term
    Centrioles
    Definition
  • Arrange the chromosomes in replication and cell division
  • Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell where microtubules grow into spindles which are responsible for seperating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells
  • Term
    CYTOSKELETON
    Definition
  • Maintains cell shape
  • Allows the organelles to move in the cell
  • It's an organized network of primary protein filaments; actin, microtubules and intermediate fibres.
  • Term
    SECRETORY VESICLES
    Definition
  • Cell secretions like hormones and neurotransmitters are packaged in secretory vesicles
  • This is done at the Golgi Apparatus
  • Transported to the cell membrane for release
  • Term
    LYSOSOMES
    Definition
  • Contain hydrolytic enzyme needed for intracellular digestion
  • Term
    Definition
  • Bound by a single membrane
  • Its a stack of vesicles needed to transport macromolecules to other parts of the cell
  • Term
    MITOCHONDRION
    Definition
  • Provides energy for the cell to move, divide, contract, etc
  • Inner membrane has many folds called cristae to increase surface area
  • Food is combined with oxygen to produce ATP on the cristae
  • Term
    CELL MEMBRANE
    Definition
  • Double layer of phospholipids
  • Exposed heads are hydrophilic and protected tails are hrdrophobic
  • Term
    VACUOLE
    Definition
  • Membrane bound
  • Plays roles in intracellular digestion & the release of cellular products
  • In plants they store nutrients and regulates turgor pressure
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