Term
|
Definition
| smallest particle an element can be divided into and still be the same substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance containing two or more elements chemically bonded together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of atoms covalently bonded together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A substance that cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- kinetic particle theory: the theory of how particles such as atoms and molecules move in relation and the amount of energy within the system.
- the KPT describes all matter as a collection of particles that are in constant,random motion. this is what gives solids,liquids, and gasses. |
|
|
Term
| Atoms are made up of _ , _ , and _. |
|
Definition
| protons, neutrons, and electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaseous phase/state of water; produced when liquid water evaporates or boils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positively charged subatomic particle contained within the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neutral subatomic particle contained within the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of a atom. |
|
|
Term
| protons, neutrons, and electrons are arranged within atoms to provide _ and _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the center of the atom is the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- positively charged central core of an atom made of protons and neutrons.
|
|
|
Term
| electrons within structure of a nucleus |
|
Definition
- electrons move around nucleus in orbits called shells.
- shells vary in size and distance depending on ow many electrons are present.
- the first shell nearest to the nucleus holds 2 electrons.its the only shell present in both hydrogen and helium.
- the next 2 shells hold up to 8 electrons.
- atoms are the most stable when outer shell of electrons is full. |
|
|
Term
| bonding properties of atoms |
|
Definition
-when individual atoms come together from different substances, they form bonds.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a water molecule is 2 hydrogen atoms bonded together with 1 oxygen atom.
-water molecules always have a ratio of 2(H)1(O) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- can be very different from those of the elements they are made of.
example: hydrogen and oxygen are both gasses at room temperature & require verry low temps. and high pressures to become liquid.
-when combined in a 2(H)1(O) ratio,water can be formed. |
|
|
Term
| new characteristics a new compound develops through bonding are called___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of bond formed between the atoms of a compound will___ |
|
Definition
| play a part in the emergent properties of the compound. |
|
|
Term
| the 3 major categories of bonds are: |
|
Definition
- covalent bonds
- ionic bonds
- hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory of how particles such as atoms and molecules move in relation to each other and the amount of energy within the sysytem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of a set of orbitals around the nucleus of an atom that can be occupied by electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of protons contained in the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristics that are present within a compound or molecule of two or more different elements that those elements do not possess on their own. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons between pairs of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical bond that involves the attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a weak bond between two molecules due to the electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an atom of oxygen,nitrogen or fluorine in the other molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons creating an electrical charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when opposite sides of a molecule have contrasting (partial) electric charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance which is able to dissolve other substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the mass of a defined volume of water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by one degree celcius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solid that dissolves in a solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a solute to dissolve within a solvent ( such as water ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of being dissolved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a measure of the quantity of dissolved solids in ocean water, represented by parts per thousand (ppt) or ‰
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water that falls from the atmosphere to the earths surface as rain, sleet, snow or hail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the flow of water from land caused by precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change in state from liquid to gas below the boiling point of a substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a body of water has a salinity level greater than 40 ppt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of water below the mixed surface layer where a rapid change in salinity can be measure as depth increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer between two layers of water with different temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a numeric value expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a pH that equals 7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a logarithmic scale that measure the ratio of hydrogen ions to hydroxide ions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular changes in the speed and direction of fluid movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentration of oxygen dissolved in a solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microscopic photosynthetic organisms that live in the upper sunlit layers of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the layer within the ocean where the concentration of dissolved oxygen is at its lowest,typically found below the photic zone between 100m and 1000m deep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vertical section of water from the surface to the bottom; useful concept when discussing changes in the abiotic factors within the body of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate of change in the y-axis value as the x-axis value increases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance which reduces the rate of transfer of thermal energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of water between two layers of water with different densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a partially enclosed,tidal,coastal body of water where fresh water from a river meets the saltwater of the ocean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the benthic,or bottom,zone between the highest and lowest spring tide water marks on a shoreline;also referred to as the intertidal zone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden release of energy inside the earth that creates seismic waves;usually caused by movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost layer of rock on earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region of molten rock within the interior of the earth, between the core and the crust. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dense, central region within earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having to do with vibrations of the earths crust; earthquakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dense,basaltic layer of crust that makes up the bottom of the ocean basins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thicker, less dense crust that makes up the foundation of the continents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory supporting the possibility that continents are able to move over earths surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process where large sections (plates) of the earths crust are in constant movement over the fluid mantle,causing earthquakes and volcanoes at the borders between plates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost layer of the earths crust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mountain range with a central valley on an ocean floor at the boundary between two diverging tectonic plates,where new crust forms from upwelling magma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pattern of magnetic stripes on the ocean floor due to reversals in the earths magnetic field and seafloor spreading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having two opposite states of being on either end (such as the north and south pole,or pos and neg end of a magnet) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of fluids or air based on density differences caused by differing temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two or more tectonic plates come together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process where one lithospheric plate slides below another at a convergent plate boundary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long, narrow and deep depression on the ocean floor with relatively steep sides; caused by convergent plate boundaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mountain or hill with a crater or vent through which lava,rock fragments,hot vapour and gas are being forced from the earths crust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a seismic sea wave created by an underwater earthquake or volcanic event;not noticeable in the open ocean but building to great heights in shallow water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area where cold ocean water that has seeped into the earths crust is superheated by underlying magma and forced through vents in the ocean floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two plates are moving in an antiparallel direction,creating friction between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flat, sandy region of the ocean floor found between trenches and the continental rise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the weathering down or breaking of rocks through physical,chemical or organic means |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a natural process where material is worn away from the earths surface and transported elsewhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the deposition of suspended particles from water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a geological process where sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a low-lying triangular area at the mouth of a river formed by the deposition of sediments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the forms of things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level of transparency loss water has due to the presence of suspended particles in the water;the higher the turbidity, the harder it is to see through the water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the periodic rise and fall of the surface of the ocean resulting from the gravitational pull of the moon and sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference in height between the high-tide mark and the low-tide mark over the course of a day; also called the tidal amplitude. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the coastal flooding of an abnormally high seawater level associated with low pressure weather systems; also called a storm surge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tide that occurs when the sun and moon are aligned, causing the largest tidal range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tide that occurs when the moon and sun are at right angles from each other, causing the smallest tidal range. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuous physical movement of water caused by wind or density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuous physical movement of water caused by wind or density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a force that results from the earth's rotation that causes objects or particles in motion to deflect to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large-scale ocean circulation caused by density differences due to temperature and salinity changes in the world's ocean |
|
|
Term
| global ocean conveyor belt |
|
Definition
| constantly moving systems of deep ocean water driven by thermohaline circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the downward movement of water in the sea due to density differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from deep in the ocean to the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a warm current that develops off the coast of Ecuador around December, which can cause widespread death within local food chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cold current that develops off the coast of Ecuador and spreads across the pacific, reducing sea-surface temperatures for extended periods of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cold-water current with low salinity levels that flows north along the western coast of South America; also called the peru current |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pigment found in plants and algae that is used to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| photosynthesis ( photosynthetic, photosynthesise) |
|
Definition
| the process of using light energy to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water to produce chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic compounds occurring in living tissues that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ( for ex. starch, cellulose, and sugars); carbohydrates can be broken down in the process of respiration to release energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an animal that feeds on other organisms to gain energy from food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rapid increase in poulation of algae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the different populations interacting in one habitat at the same time |
|
|
Term
| mutualism ( mutualistic ) |
|
Definition
| a relationship between two different organisms where both organisms benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relationship between two organisms where a predator hunts, kills and eats a prey animal |
|
|
