Term
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Definition
| Transcription in which the sound units are recorded with as much detail as possible. |
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| speech that is not normal |
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Based on phoneme system of the particular language; each symbol respresents a phoneme
aka phonemic transcription
symbols are placed within / / (virgules)
differences in phonemes |
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Term
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Definition
sound units are recorded with a much detail as possible
used IPA and extra symbols, which are added to give particular phonetic value
aka phonetic transcription
symbols placed with in [ ] brackets
exemplifies allophones |
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| should be used when listening to and transcribing actual productions or realizations of the speech sounds |
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| marks added to sound transcription symbols in order to give them a particular phonetic value |
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| articulatory variation in which the tongue approaches the upper incisors [ ̪ ] |
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Definition
articulatory variation in the production of consonants. Using the palate as place of articulation for nonpalatal consonants.
A superscript j is added to the right of the basic symbol [tʲ] |
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A more posterior tongue placement (in the direction on the velum) for palatal sounds.
[tˠ] [ɫ] |
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Any consonant (besides L) being produced with air escaping laterally.
lateral s /ɬ/
lateral z [ɮ] |
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| devoicing of voiced consonants |
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Definition
| If voiced sounds become devoiced they are transcribed with the voiceless sound (ie -/s/ for /z/) |
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| when the sound in question is only partially devoiced it is shown as, the phoneme with a small circle in parenthesis under neath the phoneme |
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| voicing of voicless consonants |
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Definition
voicing of voiceless consonants sometimes happens, especially when the voiceless sound is between two vowels.
[tI] |
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Term
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Definition
| voiceless consonants can become partially voiced. This is represented by a small v in parenthesis under the respective sound symbol |
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more articulatory effort
most voiceless sounds are referred to in this manner |
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| less articulatory effort, most voiced sounds are referred to in this manner |
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| noted by a small superscript h following the voiceless stop-plosive sound [th] this is only noted when the aspiration is excessive |
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Definition
| when a sound that is normally aspirated is not aspirated [p=] is used |
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Definition
results when the articulatory closure is maintained and not released, typically occur at the end of an utterance or a eonw rod answer
[t¬] |
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Term
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Definition
when a consonant becomes the peak of the syllable
fɪʃnˌ (the mark should nbe underneath the n) these are usually considered norm realizations |
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| labialization of consonants |
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Definition
when a normally unrounded consonant is produced with lip rounding
[swup] |
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| nonlabialization of consontants |
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Definition
| [ʃ] and [w] are the only two consonants with lip rounding, when produced without the rounding it is transcribed with an arrow pointing in either direction under the sound syllable |
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