Term
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Definition
are made with a narrow constriction so that the air creates a noissy sound as it rushes through the narrowed passage.
ex) sue and zoo
/v/, /f/, /z/, /s/, /h/, /∫/, /θ/, /ᴣ/, /ð/ |
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Term
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Definition
is formed when two structures completely block the passage of air from the vocal tract, building up air pressure behind the closure.
ex) pie and two
/p/, /b/, /d/, /t/, /g/, /k/ |
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Term
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Definition
combination of stop and fricatve segments; a period of complete clusure is followed by a brief fricative segment.
ex) church and judge
/dᴣ/, /t∫/ |
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Term
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Definition
are like stops in having a complete oral closure but are unlike stops in having an open velopharyngeal port so that sound energy passes through the nose rather than the mouth.
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/
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Term
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Definition
characterized by a gliding, or gradually changing, articulatory shape.
For example in /м/ and its voiced counter part /w/, the lips gradually move from a rounded and narrowed configuration to the lip shape required by the following vowel simultaneously with a change in tongue position. The glides are always followed by vowels.
/м/, /w/, /j/ |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two or more variants of the same phoneme <the aspirated \p\ ofpin and the unaspirated \p\ of spin are allophones of the phoneme \p\ |
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Term
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Definition
smallest grammatical unit in a language.
Free morphemes- independent words (dog)
Bound morphemes- parts of words (-s, -ed, -ing, un-, -able, re-) |
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Term
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Definition
| An articulation disorder involves problems making sounds. Sounds can be substituted, left off, added or changed. (wabbit for rabbit) |
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Term
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Definition
| A phonological process disorder involves patterns of sound errors. For example, substituting all sounds made in the back of the mouth like "k" and "g" for those in the front of the mouth like "t" and "d" (e.g., saying "tup" for "cup" or "das" for "gas"). |
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Term
| Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) |
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Definition
According to ASHA:
CAS is a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits. CAS may occur as a result of known neurological impairment, in association with complex neurobehavioral disoders of known or unknown origin, or as in idiopathic neurogenic speech sound disorder. The core impairment in planning and/or programming of movement sequences results in errors in speech sound production and prosody. |
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Term
| Intelligibility of Speech |
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Definition
| described as "the single most practical measurement of oral communication competence". Intelligibility can be affected by articulatory, phonological, suprasegmental, and other linguistic features. |
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