Term
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Definition
neuromuscular act of producing sounds used language
peripheral nervous system and vocal tract |
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Term
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Definition
rule-governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols
central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| IDs those persons who have disorders related to saying the sounds of the language |
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Term
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Definition
| motor processes used to plan and execute speech |
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Term
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Definition
difficulty with motor production aspect of speech
inability to produce sound/produce sound correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| rules for sound inventories, phoneme categories, and phoneme sequences within a language |
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Term
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Definition
| the list of sounds used in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| all the sounds a PERSON uses whether or not they are used correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| list of all the phonemes a person can use CORRECTLY |
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Term
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Definition
| words that differ in only one phoneme value |
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Term
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Definition
| how sounds are grouped together into phonemes |
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Term
Phoneme Sequences
Phonotactics |
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Definition
| rules for the combination of phonemes in a language |
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Term
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Definition
an impaired phoneme inventory or impaired use of phonemes within a language
not using the sound correctly in a language to communicate message |
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Term
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Definition
| and sound recognized as having meaning in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest linguistic unit that signals a difference in meaning in a language |
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Term
| Allophones/Allophonic Variations |
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Definition
differences in phonetic form of a sound that is still in the same phoneme category
variation can occur when the sound is influenced by another sound (coarticulation) |
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Term
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Definition
produced with relatively open vocal tract
no significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds produced with significant constriction in the vocal tract |
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Term
Sonorant Consonants
semivowels |
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Definition
produced with a relatively OPEN vocal tract
nasals, liquids, glides |
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Term
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Definition
| consonants produced with a complete constriction (stops) or a narrow constriction (fricatives/affricates) |
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Term
Consonant Classification
Place |
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Definition
area in the vocal tract where constriction occurs
bilabial, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal |
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Term
Consonant Classification
Manner |
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Definition
TYPE of constrictions in the vocal tract
stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals, glides |
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Term
Consonant Classification
Voicing |
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Definition
| vibration of vocal folds (voiced/voiceless) |
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Term
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Definition
| consonants that differ in VOICING only |
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Term
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Definition
articulatory process whereby individual phonemes overlap one another
influence of one sound on another in a word |
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Term
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Definition
vowel or syllabic consonant
most prominent and acoustically intense part of the syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| all segments prior to the peak |
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Term
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Definition
all segments FOLLOWING the peak
open syllable has no coda
closed syllable has coda |
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Term
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Definition
simple syllable constructions
consonants include m,n, b, d, h sometimes p and t |
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Term
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Definition
2 word utterances
more consonants g, k, f, s, and r (using not mastered) |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual mastery of the motor processes needed to produce speech sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual mastery of the rules of phoneme use (phonotactics) and phoneme categories in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| varies among researchers range from 75% in any 2 word positions to 100% mastery in all word positions |
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Term
Consonant development
Manner |
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Definition
1. nasals, stops, glides earlier
2. fricatives, affricates, liquids later |
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Term
Consonant Development
Place |
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Definition
forward sounds (labial/alveolar) Before back sounds (palatal/velar)
Stops word initial 1st CV
Fricatives word final 1st VC
r word final 1st Vr |
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Term
Consonant Development
Vocing |
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Definition
| voiced sounds tend to come earlier than voiceless |
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Term
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Definition
p, b, m, n, w, t, d, k, g, h, j
some errors for k and g |
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Term
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Definition
systematic changes in the pronunciation of sounds to simplify productions
normal part of phonological development
disordered after a certain age |
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Term
Syllable structure processes
reduplication |
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Definition
exact repetition of a syllable
should be suppressed by age 3 |
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Term
Syllable structure processes
Final consonant deletion |
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Definition
omitting consonant in word final position
should be suppressed by age 3 |
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Term
Syllable structure processes
weak syllable deletion |
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Definition
omitting the unstressed syllable of a word
suppressed by age 3-4 |
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Term
Syllable structure processes
Cluster reduction |
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Definition
omitting one or more sounds from a consonant cluster
suppressed by age 6 |
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Term
Substitution processes
Stopping |
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Definition
replacing a non-stop with a stop
suppressed between 3-6 depending on phoneme |
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Term
Substitution process
Assimilation |
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Definition
replacing a sound for a similar sound found in the word (gog for dog)
suppressed by age 3 |
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Term
Substitution processes
Fronting |
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Definition
replacing sound (velar/palatal) with a sound produced more forward (alveolar)
suppresed by 4 k/g
5 fricatives/affricates |
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Term
Substitution processes
Vowelization |
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Definition
replacing syllabic liquids and nasals with vowels
suppressed by 5 |
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Term
Substitution processes
Gliding |
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Definition
replacing a liquid with a glide
suppressed by age 6 |
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Term
Idiosyncratic processes
Definition |
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Definition
| not typically found in speech of typical children; considered disordered if any of these processes are not suppressed by age 3 |
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Term
Idiosyncratic processes
Types |
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Definition
glottal replacement
backing instead of fronting
initial consonant deletion
stop replacing a glide
fricative replacing a stop |
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Term
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Definition
recognizing the phonological units comprising a word
words > syllables > onset/rime > phonemes |
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Term
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Definition
| earliest benchmark for phonological awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| sharing of phoneme across 2 words or syllables |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| given words answer whether they rhyme |
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Term
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Definition
| producing the phonological task |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to ID phonemes as the units comprising syllables and words |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to sequentially isolate all of the individual sounds in a syllable or word |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to take a sequence of phonemes and build them into a larger linguistic unit |
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