Term
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Definition
- What: Pantheon
- Where: Rome, Italy
- When: 118-125 CE
- "Temple of all the Gods"
- Behind the 8 columns is a concrete cylinder covered by a hemispherical dome that is 142 feet in diameter and 142 feet high
- Dome has circle at the top to let light in (creates drama)
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- What:Christian Meeting House
- Where: Dura-Europos
- When: 256
- Used as a place to gather to worship and to conduct important ceremonies
- Could accomodate 70 people
- Consists of: former courtyard of private house, meeting hall, and bapistery
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Term
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Definition
- What: Good Shepherd and Jonah scenes
- Where: Catacomb of Sts. Peter and Marcellinus, Rome
- When: 4th c.
- Left -> Sailors throw Jonah from ship
- Right -> Jonah emerges from the whale (ketos)
- Bottom -> Jonah is safe on land and is contemplating the miracle of his salvation and the mercy of God
- Space between Jonah -> orants (praying figures)
- Center -> christ as the good shepherd; sheep on shoulder (sinner who has strayed and been rescued)
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Term
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Definition
- Sarcophagus that depicts the salvation of Jonah, Christ, annd the baptism of Christ
- Where: S. Maria Antiqua, Rome
- When: 3rd c.
- Material: marble
- Figures with unfinished heads were to become portraits of the deceased
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Definition
- Arch of Constantine
- Rome
- 315
- Commemorates Constantine's defeat of Macentius
- Much of the sculptural decoration was taken from earlier monument
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- Distribution of Largesse (detail of the north frieze on the Arch of Constantine)
- Rome, Italy
- 315
- Emperor Largesse and grateful citizens
- Not naturalistic -> mechanical and repeated stances and gestures of puppets
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- Portrait of Constantine colossus from his basilica
- Rome
- ca. 320s
- Marble
- 8' 6"
- Looks youthful
- Head of statue of emperor holding the orb of world power
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Definition
- Basilica Nova
- Rome, Italy
- 310
- 300 feet long, 215 feet wide, 115 high
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Term
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Definition
- Restored cutaway view of Old St. Peter's basilica
- Rome
- ca. 330s
- Built by Constantine, the first imperial patron of Christianity
- Built over St. Peter's Grave
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Definition
- Restored plan of Old St. Peter's basilica Rome
- ca. 330s
- Built by Constantine, the first imperial patron of Christianity
- Built over St. Peter's Grave
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Term
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Definition
- Interior Santa Sabina basilica
- Rome
- 430
- Timber-roofed and illuminated by clerestory windows
- Nave arcade produces a steady rhythm that focuses all attention on the apse
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Definition
- Exterior Santa Sabina basilica
- Rome
- 430
- Timber-roofed and illuminated by clerestory windows
- Nave arcade produces a steady rhythm that focuses all attention on the apse
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Definition
- Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
- Rome
- 360
- Marble
- Episodes from the Hewbrew scriptures, including Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac
- Long-haired and youthful Christ with Roman Sky God below him
- Scene of Jesus entering Jerusalem on a donkey
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Term
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Definition
- Michael the Archangel
- Ivory
- ca. 530
- Right lead of a diptych
- Patron saint Byzantine emperors
- Flowing drapery reveals body shape
- Seems to float more in front of the architecture than to stand in it
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of Hagia Sophia
- Constantinople, Turkey
- Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
- 535
- Fusion of two previously independent architectural traditions: vertically oriented central-plan bulding and the longitudinally oriented basilica
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Term
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Definition
- Restored cutaway view of Hagia Sophia
- Constantinople, Turkey
- Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
- 535
- Fusion of two previously independent architectural traditions: vertically oriented central-plan bulding and the longitudinally oriented basilica
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Term
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Definition
- Interior view of Hagia Sophia
- Constantinople, Turkey
- Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
- 535
- Fusion of two previously independent architectural traditions: vertically oriented central-plan bulding and the longitudinally oriented basilica
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Definition
- Aerial view of San Vitale
- Ravenna, Italy
- Ravenna mosaics
- 535
- Honors St. Vitalis, a Ravenna martyr
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of San Vitale
- Ravenna, Italy
- Ravenna mosaics
- 535
- Honors St. Vitalis, a Ravenna martyr
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Term
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Definition
- Choir and Apse of San Vitale
- Ravenna, Italy
- Ravenna mosaics
- 535
- Honors St. Vitalis, a Ravenna martyr
- Mosaic of Christ between two angels, St. Vitalis, and Bishop Ecclesius
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Term
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Definition
- San Vitale
- Justinian, Bishop Maximianus and attendants
- Mosaic on the north wall of the Apse
- Ravenna, Italy
- 540
- Justinian is foremost
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Definition
- Theodora and attendants
- Mosaic on the south wall of the Apse
- Ravenna, Italy
- 540
- Theodora is a powerful empress
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Term
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Definition
- Transfiguration mosaic
- St. Apollinares in Classe
- ca. 550
- St. Apollinares, amid sheep, stands below christ's cross, his arms raised in prayer
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- Transfiguration of Jesus
- Apse mosaic
- Mt. Sinai, Egypt
- ca. 550
- Church of the Virgin, monastery of Saint Catherine
- Figures cast no shadows even
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- Christ “icon”
- Mt. Sinai
- 6th century
- Icons -> small portable paintings of the divine
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- Virgin and Child with Saints Theodore and George “icon”
- Mt. Sinai
- 6th-7th c.
- Monastery of St. Catherine
- Encaustic on wood
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Term
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Definition
- Purse cover from Sutton Hoo ship burial
- Suffolk, England
- ca. 625
- Gold, glass, and cloisonne garnets
- Combination of abstract interlace with animal figures
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Term
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Definition
- Lindisfarne Gospels
- ornamental cross page
- Northumbria, England
- 700
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Term
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Definition
- Evangelist Matthew with his symbol, a winged man
- Northumbria, England
- 700
- Tempera on vellum
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Term
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Definition
- aerial view of Great Mosque
- Kairouan, Tunisia
- 850
- Consists of columnar prayer hall, arcaded forecourt resembling a Rowan forum, and minaret to call Muslims to worship
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of Great Mosque
- Kairouan, Tunisia
- 850
- Consists of columnar prayer hall, arcaded forecourt resembling a Rowan forum, and minaret to call Muslims to worship
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Term
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Definition
- Prayer hall of the Great Mosque
- Cordoba, Spain
- 8th-10th c.
- 36 piers and 514 columns support series of double-tiered horseshoe-shaped arches
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Term
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Definition
- Detail of the facade of the east gate of the mezquita (great mosque)
- Cordoba, Spain
- 960
- caliph al-Hakam II expanded and renovated great mosque
- intricate surface patterns of overlapping horseshoe shaped arches and multi-lobed arches
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Term
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Definition
- Masqura of the Mesquita (great mosque)
- Cordoba, Spain
- 960
- Reserved for the caliph - connects the mosque to his palace
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Term
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Definition
- Masqura of the Mezquita (great mosque)
- Cordoba, Spain
- 960
- Rests on an octagonal base of arcuated squinches crisscrossing ribs form an intricate decorative pattern
- Mosaic ornamentation
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Term
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Definition
- Dome of the Rock
- Jerusalem
- 690
- Artist: Abd- al-Malik
- Erected to mark the triumph of Islam in Jerusalem on a site sacred to the Msulims, Christians, and Jews
- Takes form of an octagon with a towering dome
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Term
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Definition
- Interior Dome of the Rock
- Jerusalem
- 690
- Artist: Abd- al-Malik
- Erected to mark the triumph of Islam in Jerusalem on a site sacred to the Msulims, Christians, and Jews
- Dome central-plan Rotunda
- At the center below the dome is a rocky outcropping later assoicated with Adam, Abraham, and Muhammed
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Term
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Definition
- Qur’an page with beginning of surah 18
- ninth century
- ink and gold on vellum
- five text lines
- palm-tree finial
- doe not include depictions of animals or humans
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Term
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Definition
- Left: Restored plan of the palatine chapel of Charlemagne
- Right: curtaway view of the palatine chapel of Charlemagne
- Aachen, Germany
- 800
- Plan is based on San Vitale, but eliminated apselike extensions
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Term
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Definition
- West facade of the palatine Chapel of Charlemagne
- Achen, Germany
- 800
- Two cylindrical towers
- Sprial staricases flanking the entrance portal
- Forshadows later medieval dual-tower church facades
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of the palatine Chapel of Charlemagne
- Achen, Germany
- 800
- Simple, massive geometric form
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of monastery of St. Gall
- ca. 820s
- Red ink on parchment
- Saint Gall, switzlerland
- Purpose was ab udeakm self-sufficient Benedictine monastery to separate monks from the laity
- Near the center is a church with its cloister, the monks' earthly paradise
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Term
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Definition
- Crucifixion
- Front cover of Lindau Gospels cover
- ca. 870
- St. Gall, Switzerland
- Material: gold, precious stones, pearls
- Revives christian imagery of youthful Christ
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Term
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Definition
- Crucifix in Cologne Cathedral
- Commisioned by Archbishop Gero
- ca. 970
- Cologne, Germany
- Painted wood
- over 6 feet tall
- Depicts unprecendented emotional power and intense agony of Christ's ordeal on the cross
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Term
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Definition
- Emperor Otto III enthroned
- From Otto III Gospels
- ca. 1000
- Reichenaur, Germany
- Tempera on vellum
- Enthroned and holding the scepter and cross-inscribed orb signifying his universal authority
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Term
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Definition
- Longitudinal section and plan of the abbey church of Saint Michael
- Hildesheim, Germany
- 1000
- Entrances on the side
- Alternating piers and columns divide the space in the nave into vertical units
- Transformed the tunnel-like horizontality of the Early Christian Basilica
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Term
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Definition
- Door with relief panels at St. Michael's
- Hildesheim, Germany
- 1015
- Bronze
- Left door: genesis (original sin)
- Right door: life of Christ (redemption)
- Draw parallels between old and new testament (expulsion from paradise and the infancy and suffering of Christ)
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Term
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Definition
- Katholikon
- Hosios Lukas monastery church
- 11th century
- Distomo, Greece
- Middle Byzantine Church - small and high shouldered
- central dome on a drum
- exterior wall surfaces with decorative patterns
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of the Church of the Teotokos (top)
- Plan of the katholikon (bottom)
- Monastery of Hosios Loukas
- Distomo, Greece
- 10th century
- Domed square at the center of a cross with four equal-length vaulted arms
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Term
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Definition
- Virgin of compassion icon - Vladimir Virgin
- Late 11th century
- Tempera on wood
- Mary is depicted as the Virgin of Compassion
- She presses her cheek against her don's as she contemplates his future
- Reverse side shows intruments of Christ'a passion
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of the Church of the Dormition
- Daphni, Greece
- 1100
- Dome rests on an octagon formed by squinches
- Shows Christ as Patokrator (last judge)
- Connects worshiper below with heaven through Christ
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Term
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Definition
- Last judgement
- West tympanum of St. Lazare
- Artist: Gislebertus
- Autun, France
- 1120
- Marble
- 21 feet wide
- Christ presides over the separation of the blessed from the damned
- Designed to terrify those guily of sin and beckon them into the church
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Term
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Definition
- Aerial view of St. Sernin Cathedral
- Toulouse, France
- 1120
- Pilgrimages were a major catalyst for the art and architexture of the romanesque period - the clergy worked together to provide magnificient settings for the display of holy relics
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of St. Sernin Cathedral
- Toulouse, France
- 1120 (after Kenneth John Conant)
- Increased traffic led to changes in church design
- "pilgrimage churches" have longer and wider naves and aisless; transepts and ambulatories with radiating chapels for viewing relics
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of St. Sernin Cathedral
- Toulouse, France
- 1120
- Stone vaults that help retard fire
- Groin-caulted tribune galleries buttress the nabe's barrel vault
- Transverse arches continue the lines of the compound piers
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of Durham cathedral
- Durham, England
- 1093
- Uses rib groin vaults placed over a three-story nave
- Replaced groin vaults in the tribune with quadrant arches as buttresses of the nave vaults
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of Durham Cathedral after Kenneth John Conant
- Durham, England
- Long, slender poprotions
- In the nave, simple pillars alternate with compound piers that support the transverse arches of the seven-part groin vaults
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Term
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Definition
- Ambulatory and radiating chapels
- St. Denis
- Abbey Church
- ca. 1140 rebuilding by Abbot Suger
- Gothic architecture - rib vault with pointed arches spring from slender columns
- stained glass windows admit lux nova
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of east end
- St. Denis
- Abbey Church
- ca. 1140 rebuilding by Sumner Crosby
- By using the very light rib vaults, the builders were able to eliminate the walls between the radiating chapels
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of the upper chapel
- Louse IX's Sainte-Chapelle
- Paris
- 1240s
- 6,450 square feet of stained glass
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Term
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Definition
- Aerial view of Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- Rebuilt after 1200
- Earliest example of high gothic architecture
- First major church planned from the beginning to have flying buttresses
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Term
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Definition
- Plan of Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- Rebuilt after 1200 fire
- One square in each aisle flanks a single rectangular unit in the nave with four-part vault
- Became the norm for high gothic architecture
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Term
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Definition
- Interior of St. Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- Rebuilt after 1200
- High Gothic architecture in its tripartite elevation consisting of nave arcade, triforium, and clesterory with stained-glass windows
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Term
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Definition
- Stonemasons and scultors - detail of staied-glass window
- St. Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- 1220
- Glaziers made stained-glass windows by fusing layers of colored glass, joining the pieces with lead strips, and painting the details in enamel
- windows transformed natural light into divine light
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Term
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Definition
- Virgin, child, and angles - detail of stained-glass window
- St. Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- 1170
- Survived the fire in 1194
- Armature of iron bands forming a grid over the entire design, an early gothic characteristic
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Term
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Definition
- Rose window and lancets - detail of stained-glass window
- St. Chartres Cathedral
- Chartres, France
- 1220
- Held in place by an intricate armature of bar tracery
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Definition
- Interior of Amiens Cathedral
- Amiens, France
- 1220
- Robert De Luzarches, Thomas De Cormont, and Renaud De Cormont
- Self-sustaining skeletal architecture
- Four-part vaults on pointed arches rise
- 144 feet
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Term
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Definition
- Vaults, clerestory, and triforium of the choir of of Amiens Cathedral
- Amiens, France
- 1220
- Robert De Luzarches, Thomas De Cormont, and Renaud De Cormont
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