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Parthenon
Athens (Acropolis)
Iktinos (sculptures: Pheidias)
440s-30s BC
‘Classical Greek’
Athenian temple
the pack of Greek architecture was not the Periclean Acropolis
existed for all of 20 years, but undisputed
the conversation to a garrisons ruined the original structures by converting them to a fortress
Pericles brought Athens into a war with Sparta that sealed its fate
The only building that you enter frontally and axially was the Propylaia
All other buildings were entered three-quarters and through the rear
The Parthenon frieze is located in London
The Elgin marbles
Besides the decorations of the frieze, all other elements were functional
Load-bearing elements were never decorated
The massive statue of Athena |
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Villa Savoye
Near paris
Le Corbusier
Ca. 1930
‘Modern’
Modeled after aspects of the Parthenon in terms of structural elements and color schemes
Entered on the left side |
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Second Bank
Philadelphia
W. Strickland
Ca 1820
‘Neoclassical’
Rear looks like front
Compared to parthenon → stuart and revitt version
axial front steps/ should be viewed from the front
No columns on sides
No sculptures -- esp in pediment
Columns spaced 2 times whereas parthenon is 1 /12 times → need access to the bank |
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Merchants Exchange
Philadelphia
W. Strickland
Ca. 1830
‘Neoclassical’ |
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Erechtheion
Athens (Acropolis)
Ca. 420
‘Classical Greek’
Temple
Ionic
**contrasting columns represents the combination of greece of the doric mainland and the ionic islands (dialects) |
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Propylaia
Athens (Acrop)
Mnesikles
430s
‘Classical Greek’
Gateway
Only building you enter axially
Doric and ionic |
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Temple of Nike
Athens (acrop)
Ca 420s
‘Classical Greek’
No entrance
Old temple was in axis but moved by Pericles
Ionic |
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Lysikrates Monument
Athens
(Lysikrates)
330s
‘Classical Greek/’Hellenistic’ |
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Pantheon
Rome
(Apollodorus?)
Ca. 120 AD
‘Roman Imperial
Span ca. 44 m/ 150 Roman feet
Round building that wants to be seen frontally/axially
Corinthian capial
Oculus
No flutes
Modillions instead of dentils
Credicula for imperial worship
Thick walls for buttressing
Beyond the load bearing system of greek architecture |
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Definition
| Hagia Sophia
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Anthemios of Tralles and Isidoros of Miletos
530s/550s AD
‘Late Antique/Byzantine’
Span ca. 33 m ( |
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Definition
Girard Trust Building
Philadelphia
McKim, Mead and White (supplanting plans by F Furness)
1900s
‘Neoclassical/Historic’
Span ca. 25 m
Columns on chestnut
Frontal entrance axially |
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Definition
Academy of Fine Arts
Philadelphia
F. Furness (and W.G. Hewitt)
1870s
‘Historic”
Mixing of styles → architectural tapestry
Terra cotta
Reminiscnet of hagia sophia |
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Atalos Stoa
Athens
Ca. 150 BC
‘Hellenistic’ |
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Colosseum
Rome
70s AD
‘Roman Imperial’
Orders: tuscan, doric, ionic, corinthian, flattened corinthian
Post and lintel system
Column and architrave
Embracing all times |
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Cancelleria
Rome
1480s-90s
‘Renaissance’
Uses collsoceum as model
Orders all flattened
Tripartite system |
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Definition
Pal. Rucellai
Florence
L.B. Alberti
1440s-50s
‘Renaissance’
Also modeled after colloseum |
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Definition
St. Peters
Rome
Cupola: Michelangelo
‘1550
Dimensions of pantheon but with larger cupola |
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Notre Dame
Paris
1160s-1240s
‘Gothic’
Circle arches, ungothic yet central part
Round in the center
Vault hiding under roof
Columnets
Cross nave/transit has a secondary facade
Flying buttresses + pinnacle
Crockets
Strong horizontals |
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Reims Cathedral
Reims
1210
‘Gothic’
Small scale
Pinacles and crockets
Small choirs for a buttressing system
Clustered colonettes → turnover of classical style |
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Beauvais Cathedral
Beauvais
1220s (-1660)
‘Gothic’ |
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Amiens Cathedral
Amiens
1220s-80s
‘Gothic’ |
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Amiens Cathedral
Amiens
1220s-80s
‘Gothic’ |
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Definition
Lorsch (Franconia, Germany); gatehouse; old Christian monastery destroyed. 770s, Carolingian
Latin: let’s rewrite Vitruvius; On Architecture ca. 25
Collapse of antiquity and continued revival of antiquity
Gate house: how did they revive Roman grandeur? Charlemagne took it literally. This is the only part of the building that remains
Stacked orders reminiscent of Pantheon (pilasters) and of Colosseum (arcade arches w impost)
New zigzag pattern on architrave; completely unancient!
Combo of corinthian and ionic columns (as similarly seen in the Propylaia in Acropolis); flowery architrave
Combo of trabeated and arcuated systems w three arch theme |
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Palatine Chapel, Aachen
-ca. 800, ‘Carolingian’; span 15 meters
- celebration of the arch
Cross section with cupola |
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Palatine Chapel, Aachen
-ca. 800, ‘Carolingian’; span 15 meters
- celebration of the arch
Cross section with cupola |
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Definition
St. Michael, Hildesheim
-1000-1030s, ‘Romanesque’
- columns, arches, roman system
- bigger buildings because of the power of central empire
- fortresses of faith
- no buttresses
- ceiling not vaulted
- central nave, transit, crossing, choir
- the medieval windows added later |
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Definition
San Giorgio (Maggiore), Venice
-A. Palladio, 1560s,’ Renaissance |
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Definition
St. Michael, Hildesheim
-1000-1030s, ‘Romanesque’
- columns, arches, roman system
- bigger buildings because of the power of central empire
- fortresses of faith
- no buttresses
- ceiling not vaulted
- central nave, transit, crossing, choir
- the medieval windows added later |
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Definition
San Carlo (‘At the 4 Fountains’), Rome
-F. Borromini, ca. 1640, ‘Baroque’
-Movement and twist |
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San Carlo (‘At the 4 Fountains’), Rome
-F. Borromini, ca. 1640, ‘Baroque’
-adding movement and ‘twist’ |
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Definition
Theodoric’s Mausoleum, Ravenna
-520s, ‘Late Antique’ span ca. 9m |
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San Sulpice (facade), Paris
-G.N. Servadoni, 1730s-50s, ‘Neoclassical’ |
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Seagram Building, NYC
-Mies van der Rohe, 1950s, ‘Modern’ |
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Definition
ARGOS (Greece) house model
-ca. 700 BC, ‘Pre-Classical’
COMPARE TO “Primitive Hut” |
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| Lever House, NYC -Skidmore, Owings, Merrill, 1950S, ‘Modern’ |
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Definition
Venice Biennale 1979 (exhibition)
-A. Rossi, introducing ‘Post-Modern’ |
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Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans
C. Moore, 1970s, ‘Post-Modern’ |
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Definition
Plain Housing, Amsterdam
R Koolhaas 1990
Deconstructivisit |
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Definition
Villa dall'ava, St. Cloud (Near Paris)
Koolhaas 1990, Deconstructivist |
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Definition
Fukuoka Resident Project, Fukuoka (Japan)
Koolhaas 1990
Deconstructivist |
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Definition
China TV Bldg, Beijing
Koolhaas 2000s
Deconstructivist |
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Definition
Gehry's House, Santa Monica, CA
Frank Gehry 1970s
Deconstructivist |
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Definition
Netherlandish Office, Prague
-Gehry, 1990s,
‘Deconstructivist’ |
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Definition
Bilbao Museum, Bilbao/Spain
-Gehry, 1990s,
‘Deconstructivist’ |
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Definition
Jewish Museum, Berlin
D. Libeskind, 1990s, ‘Deconstructivist’ |
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Definition
Jubilee Church, Rome (Tor Tre Teste)
R Meyer, 2000
Late Modern |
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Ara Pacis Museum, Rome
Meyer 2000
Late-Modern |
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