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Arteries of the Head and Neck
Arteries of the Head and Neck
37
Medical
Graduate
11/11/2009

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Term
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and most of the neck

Term
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the contents of the cranial and orbital cavities

Term
OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
Definition

Branch of internal carotid artery that supplies the contents of the cranial and orbital cavities and then gives rise to branches which follow the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

Term
SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY
Definition

1. Supplies the thyroid gland and anastomoses with the corresponding artery on the other side and with the inferior thyroid a.

2. Supplies neck muscles in the region

Term
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the superior thyroid a. that supplies the larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane

Term
ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY
Definition

1. Distributed to pharynx, soft palate, auditory tube, palatine tonsil, part of the middle ear and the meninges

2. Anastomoses with the ascending cervical artery (from inferior thyroid artery) adn other arteries supplying pharynx and middle ear

Term
LINGUAL ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the muscles and mucosa of the tongue

Term
FACIAL ARTERY
Definition

1. Courses deep to the intertendinous part of the digastric m. and the submandibular gland and then is superficial at the anterior border of the masseter on the border of the mandible adn ends at the medial angle of the eye as the angular artery

2. Many anastomoses

Term
ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY & TONSILLAR ARTERY
Definition

 1. Branches of the facial a. in the neck that are the main supply to the palatine tonsil

2. Other branches supply the soft palate and submandibular gland

Term
SUPERIOR LABIAL ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the facial a. that supplies the upper lip

Term
INFERIOR LABIAL ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the facial a. that supplies the lower lip

Term
LATERAL NASAL ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the facial a. that ascends along the side of the nose

Term
ANGULAR ARTERY
Definition

The extension of the facial a. that anastomoses with branches of the ophthalmic a. providing direct communication between the internal and external carotid arteries

Term
OCCIPITAL ARTERY
Definition

1. Gives off muscular branches and a descending branch which anastomoses with the transverse cervical branch of the thyrocervical trunk adn the deep cervical branch of the costocervical trunk

2. These anastomoses assist in establishing collateral circulation after occulsion of the common carotid or subclavian arteries

Term
POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the tympanic cavity, external ear, and part of the scalp posterior to the auricle

Term
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the parotid gland and temporal region of the face and scalp

 

Term
TRANSVERSE FACIAL ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the superficial temporal a. that supplies the parotid gland and takes part in numerous anastomoses in the face

Term
MAXILLARY ARTERY
Definition

Divided into 3 parts based on its location relative to the lateral pterygoid muscle. The first part is lateral; second part is either behind, or in front of; and the third part is medial to the muscle

Term
BRANCHES OF THE FIRST PART OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY
Definition

Pass through bony foramina

1. Deep auricular a.

2. Anterior tympanic a.

3. Inferior alveolar a.

4. Middle meningeal a.

Term
DEEP AURICULAR ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the external auditory meatus

Term
ANTERIOR TYMPANIC ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the tympanic cavity

Term
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY
Definition

Supplies the teeth and gums of the lower jaw and chin through the mental branch and myohyloid m. through the myolohyoid a.

Term
MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY
Definition

1. Supplies the dura and bones of the skull

2. Enters skull through foramen spinosum and etches its pattern on the inside of the cranium

Term
ACCESSORY MENINGEAL ARTERY
Definition

Enters the skull through the foramen ovale and contributes to middle meningeal artery supply of dura and bones of skull

Term
BRANCHES OF SECOND PART OF MAXILLARY ARTERY
Definition

To muscles  in the infratemporal fossa

1. Lateral pterygoid artery

2. Medial pterygoid artery

3. Anterior deep temporal artery

4. Posterior deep temporal artery

5. Masseteric artery

6. Buccal artery

Term
BRANCHES OF THIRD PART OF MAXILLARY ARTERY
Definition

In pterygopalatine fossa-pass through bony foramina

1. Posterior superior alveolar artery

2. Infraorbital artery

3. Greater palatine artery

4. Artery to pterygoid canal

5. Pharyngeal artery

6. Sphenopalatine artery

Term
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY
Definition

Passes laterally through pterygomaxillary fissure to supply molars and premolars of upper jaw and maxillary sinus

Term
INFRAORBITAL ARTERY
Definition

Passes through the inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove, canal, and foramen

Term
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the infraorbital a. that supplies incisors and canine teeth of upper jaw

Term
MIDDLE SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY
Definition

Branch of infraorbital a. that supplies premolars and gums

Term
GREATER (DESCENDING) PALATINE ARTERY
Definition

Descends through the greater (descending) palatine canal to the greater palatine foramen to supply the hard palate and upper gums

Term
LESSER PALATINE ARTERY
Definition

Branch of the greater palatine a. that descends through the lesser palatine foramen to supply the soft palate and tonsil

Term
ARTERY OF PTERYGOID CANAL
Definition

Goes through the canal and anastomoses with a branch of the internal carotid

Term
SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY
Definition

Enters nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen

Term
POSTERIOR LATERAL NASAL BRANCH
Definition

Branch of the sphenopalatine a. that supplies the upper lateral nasal wall

Term
POSTERIOR SEPTAL NASAL BRANCH
Definition

Branch of the sphenopalatine a. that supplies the nasal septum

Term
NASOPALATINE BRANCH
Definition

Branch of the posterior superior septal nasal br. that passes through the incisive canal where it anastomoses with the greater palatine artery in the mucosa of the hard palate

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