Term
| Deep digital veins empty into the ? and ? veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radial and ulnar veins unite at the antecubital fossa to from the ? vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paired brachial veins course up the arm and become the ? vein |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Axillary vein terminates at the ? vein |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? and ? are the major superficial veins in the arms |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? vein drains the dorsal surface of the hand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cephalic vein runs up the ? surface of the forearm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? drains blood from the palm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The basilic v runs along the ? surface of the forearm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? and ? are the most common sites for clot |
|
Definition
| subclavian and the axillary |
|
|
Term
| What veins make up the deep lower leg system? |
|
Definition
| peroneal, Post tibial v, Ant tibial v |
|
|
Term
| ? and ? veins unite and form the tibioperoneal trunk |
|
Definition
| peroneal and posterior tibial |
|
|
Term
| Anterior tibial vein joins the tibioperoneal trunk and becomes the ? vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Popliteal vein continues up the back of the leg and courses through the ? to become the femoral vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common femoral vein becomes the ?? vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesser saphenous vein (LSV) -is seen in the ? fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ? vein - course up the medial aspect and terminates at the CFV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ? is the longest vein in the body and is often used for arterial bypass grafts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they assist in venous emptying as they carry blood from the superficial system into the deep system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venous valves are able to with stand ?-? mmHg |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? and ? have no valves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Venous disorders are common ?% of women have visible varicose veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Significant venous disease can lead to ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of varicose veins |
|
Definition
| aching, night crams, heaviness, pressure, swelling |
|
|
Term
| what is used to treat varicose veins rather than surgery? |
|
Definition
| catheter and thermal energy |
|
|
Term
| The term varicose vein is usually used for veins greater than ?mm in diameter that have become raised and lumpy in the leg when standing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Spider veins also known as ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Competency of the proximal deep veins and SFV junction can assessed with ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| during valsalva, it is common to see reflux? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When the venous system in the leg fails to work normally the pressure in the leg veins ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Skin does not heal and is called ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the presence of venous disease, the term ? is used |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| who is more at risk to get varicose veins |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ? and ? veins cannot be assed by ultrasound |
|
Definition
| spider and reticular veins |
|
|
Term
| remove the lumpy, distended varicosities and this is usually done through a series of small cuts; this procedure is called ? |
|
Definition
| avulsions or phlebectomies |
|
|
Term
| when the greater saphenous vein is removed in the thigh, this is termed ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chemical that irritates the wall of the vein is injected via a small needle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The walls of the vein become inflamed and stick together preventing the vein from opening up again so that it is no longer prominent under the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dilated vein, hypoechoic, non compressable is characteristic of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do acute venous thrombus originate and what way do they travel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of acute venous thrombus |
|
Definition
Redness-erythema
Edema-swelling
Warm to touch
Pain |
|
|
Term
| Occurs due to an inflammation of the superficial veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is felt as a hard cord, and can be associated with pain, heat, and tenderness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accumulations of blood within the tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is seen as chronic limb swelling due to reduced or failure of the lymphatic drainage system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphedema is a bilateral condition (t or f) |
|
Definition
| f, usually seen in unilateral calf |
|
|
Term
| It is caused from infection of the subcutaneous tissue and skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is characterized by fluid in the superficial tissue by splaying of numerous interstitial channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| They are bursa dilations , which is essentially a small sac of synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a blood clot forms in a vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A thrombosis in the superficial, “surface”, veins leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phlebitis usually resolves over ?-? wks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The affected vein(s) become inflamed, swollen, hard and painful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characterized as an obstructive fibrous cord that is not at risk for emobilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the vein of a chronic DVT look like? |
|
Definition
| contracted and small, hyperechoic |
|
|
Term
| Hyperpigmentation-brownish discoloration in lower leg to ankle area (know as the gaitor zone); this is common with what disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs when a piece of clot break lose and travels to the right side of the heart and lodges in branches of the pulmonary artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Symptoms: Sudden shortness of breath
Cheat pain
Coughing up of blood
Right sided heart failure
Death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vein doesn't compress, reflux, continuous venous flow is characteristic of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the patient position for an acute DVT of the upper extremity? of the lower extremity? |
|
Definition
upper: supine arms at side
lower: reverse trandelenburg = head elevated |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for DVT?? |
|
Definition
Anticoagulation*Coumadin
Recurrent DVT or patient who can’t take anticoagulation- IVC filter
Support hose-elastic stockings
* use of pneumatic calf compression during and after surgery |
|
|
Term
| innermost vein that is in contact with blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consists of muscle and elastic connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outermost made of supportive connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of ? prevents the venous flow reversal (reflux) and aids in returning blood to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes veins to distend due to the inability to empty all blood into atria of heart |
|
Definition
| CHF or tricuspid insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| will shallow breathers have a less/more continuous venous flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides blood to the thigh |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ? runs behind the knee and bifurcates into anterior tibal artery and tibioperoneal trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the factors that influence venous flow? |
|
Definition
Pressure gradient
Calf muscle contraction
Valves
Respiration |
|
|
Term
| ? continues down the calf to become what is known as the dorsalis pedis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibioperoneal trunk bifurcates into the ? and ? |
|
Definition
| posterior tibial and peroneal arteries |
|
|
Term
| this is the most inner layer of an artery and is in contact with blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the thickest layer of an artery, fibers are arranged in a circular pattern, and are known as the muscle layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides a significant portion of the total strength of the arterial wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the simplest and most common ways to detect arterial disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is an ABI pressure index recoded |
|
Definition
| The index is recorded as the peak systolic ankle/arm peak systolic |
|
|
Term
ABI
>1 =
>.9- <1 =
0.5 - 0.9 =
0.3 - 0.5 =
<0.3 = |
|
Definition
normal
mild disease
claudication
severe occlusion
ischemia |
|
|
Term
| arterial walls are often calcified and rigid, thus the vessel may not collapse under the pressure of the cuff as it is inflated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a diabetic's arterial walls look like |
|
Definition
| hardening of walls and loss of elasticity |
|
|
Term
| does smoking cause vasoconstriction/ vasodilation of arterioles and capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The formation of plaque within the arterial wall that reduces or occludes the artery lumen
Arterial walls thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branches, bifurcations, and origins of vessels are the most common sites for ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exercise induced(blood cannot reach muscle)resting stops symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absence of nail growth and hair loss of leg are physical signs of ? |
|
Definition
| lower limb arterial disease |
|
|
Term
| occurs when blood flow beyond stenosis is so low that the patient experiences pain in the leg at rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will happen if chronic ischemia is left untreated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes acute ischemia |
|
Definition
| embolus from other areas of body |
|
|
Term
Symptoms of acute ischemia
-warm/cold to touch
-pulses/no pulses felt
-painful/no pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if muscles necrose swelling can be seen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the leg has been deprived of blood for some time before flow is restored, ? syndrome may arise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dilation of the stenosis with percutaneous catheters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There will be an increase/decrease in flow velocity across the lesion and spectral broadening and turbulence/ischemia just distal to the lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a micro vascular disorder that produce symptoms of digital ischemia in response to emotional state or changes in temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Raynauds disease causes a change in ? |
|
Definition
| change in color of fingers |
|
|
Term
| abnormal dilations of arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used to described a moderate dilation of arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ? is the most common sites for aneurysms to develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal Abdominal Aorta = ?cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| measurements above ?cm is considered ectatic for the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proximal to renal arteries = ? resistive wave flow; distal to renal arteries = ? resistive wave flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal arteries are ? resistive wave flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SMA Doppler signal should demonstrate ? resistive pattern during fasting and ? resistive pattern in the post prandial exam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| False aneurysms(pseudo) occur mostly in the ? artery following an arterial puncture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pseudoaneurysms have what type of flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AAA are 6x more common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mortality rate is ? % for AAA patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ? are the abnormal communication between an artery and the venous channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast is injected through a catheter into selected artery and radiographic images are taken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| walking induced muscular discomfort of the calf, thigh, hip or butt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| implies critical ischemia (lack of blood) of the distal limb when the patient is at rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the patient complains of pain in the toes when laying down, what is the disease present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ? supplies blood to the muscles of the thigh and the hip joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the popliteal artery terminates into the ? and ? |
|
Definition
| anterior tib and tibial-peroneal trunk |
|
|
Term
| the proximal thigh pressure should be ? mmHg more than the brachial pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proximal thigh pressure equal to or less than the brachial artery suggests disease where and in what artery |
|
Definition
| disease at or proximal to the level of the SFA |
|
|
Term
| if there is a big pressure gradient in the low thigh to calf what is suspected? |
|
Definition
| disease of the distal SFA and/or popliteal a |
|
|
Term
| where is the disease if a 20mmHg pressure gradient is present from the calf to the ankle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a penile-brachial PI of less than ? will usually indicate some degree of incompetence -- what is normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compression of neural and vascular structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intermittent digital ischemia in response to cold or emotinal stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the calf pulse volume waveform normally has greater/lower amplitude than the thigh waveform |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ischemic skin lesions are not likely to heal of the aknle systolic pressure is below ?mmHg (? in diabetic patients) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower extremity arterial evaluations should be high/low velocity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PSV gradually increase/decrease from the proximal to distal arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| postop = normal then an exam is performed ?-? weeks postop, ? months later, and ?-? month intervals for first year |
|
Definition
| 4-6 wks, 3 months, 3-6 months |
|
|
Term
| swollen painful white leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swollen painful cyanotic leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
acute venous process = ?
chronic venous process = ? |
|
Definition
DVT
venous obstruction/incompetent venous valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peripheral veins retun oxygenated/deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| popliteal vein lies superficial/deep to the artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| popliteal vein originates from the ? and ? |
|
Definition
| anterior tibial v and peroneal veins (tibial peroneal trunk) |
|
|
Term
| SFV is a superficial/deep vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for the adductor canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SFV courses superficial/deep to the artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GSV ends as it joins the common femoral vein (? junction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GSV and LSV originate where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The GSV assends anterior/posterior whereas the LSV assends anterior/posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main tributary of the GSV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the superficial veins of the upper extremity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cephalic begins on the ? side of the hand and courses along the ? border of the bicep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the basilic begins on the ? side of the hand and courses along the ? border of the bicep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how should patients be evaluated |
|
Definition
| reverse trendelenburg (head up) |
|
|
Term
| ? are high velocity and have pulsatile walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flow is present without augmentation maneuvers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spontaneous is usually not found in ? veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood flow velocity changes with respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood flow velocity increases with distal limb compression or with release of promical limb compression |
|
Definition
|
|
