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| Voussoir - wedge shapped stone - the top stone of an arch |
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| The step that the columns rest upon for a greek temple |
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| a relief sculpture often found in a frieze of a doric temple |
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| A series of windows above the level |
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| the vertical post or pier |
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| The horizontal suport held up by the posts or piers. Trabeated is the extention of the lintil beyond the post |
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Midle earth
The mediterranean sea was the center of the earth |
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| building made of long lasting materials like marble |
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| god of the seen and unseen or dark and light |
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| a scale drawing of a building |
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| a carving slightly above or below the original surface |
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| the vertical shaft of a column |
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| the cap or top of a column |
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| Sequence of civilizations |
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| Middle Kingdom Egypt16 BCE/Classical Greece 350 BCE/Roman RepublicEmpire 250 BCE/Early Roman Empire 27 BCE/High Roman Empire90 BCE/Early christion200/Early Bezantine 6th century |
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| what a building would have looked like when it was built |
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450 BCE
built in honor of the goddess Athena goddess of war and wisdom, daughter of Zues |
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| a cell like room that housed the cult statue |
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| columns around the building |
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| a sharp ridge f adjoining of Doric column |
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Geomotry
the flatslab of stone atop the capital of a Tuscan column |
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| circular moldings on an Ionic columm |
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| a horizontal band of decoration |
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| groove or channel on shaft of a column |
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| everything above the columns |
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Greek orders by location
Dorians from the center and Ionians from the north |
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Built to honor the goddess Athena
and housed the chryselephantine monolithic statue of Athena the goddes of war |
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Highest point in the city
The Parthonon sits on this point
Athens Greece 400 BCE |
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| the turning part on the capital |
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| capital is decorated with the acanthus leaves carvings that look good from all sides not just the front |
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| hypostyle Mosce at Coroba Spain |
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| no arrises, smooth column and astagal |
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a flat slab below the base of a column.
like the abacus but on the bottom |
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| square boxes run along the top of the frieze |
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| can only be entered by the front or only looks good from the front |
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| a column that has been split in half horizontal and attached to a wall |
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| a column that was made from a single stone |
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An aquaduct that carries water to France
c. 16 CE
The top arches hosts a road |
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leading edge
the road built on the upper arches of the Pont du Gard |
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via - road
the road on the uper arches of the Pont du Gard |
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| a structure of stones or brick support eache other and creates an opening |
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| weight distriubuted to the sides |
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| supports below the vossoir |
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| extra wide pier to counter act the lateral thrust to to stabalize the stucture |
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| triangular areas between two arches |
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| the facing applied to a wall built of other materials |
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larger than life
two times larger or more |
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an engaged column that is square in section
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| An arched ceiling or roof of stone brick or concreate |
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| Groin Vault or Cross Vault |
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| A vault by the intersectrion at right angles of two barrel vaults |
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| covered in sand (to soak up blood) |
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| the hole in ceiling to allow light and /or rain |
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| vault of even curvature on a circular base |
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| inset square in the ceiling of a dome or vault |
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| the italian volcano that covered Pompeii in 10 inches of ash and preserved the city |
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| elevated stage opposite of the entrance |
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| place where people gather to listen to speakers |
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| space between wall and columns |
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c. 100 BCE
redcorated after the earthquake of 69 CE |
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the atrium is a large entrance
the impluvium is the whole in the cieling to gather rain |
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| four walls and small entrance |
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| garden surrounded by columns |
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| Roman city in sother Itally - destroyed in 79 CE |
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| built on the ground where St. Peter was buried. Built using Roman basilica as its plan. |
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| Greek for chair. Seat for the bishop. |
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| comes from the location of constanpole |
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| The father, sink and holy ghost |
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| one of two capitals fell in less than a century |
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| Eprise giving wine as a gift Purple for royalty |
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| square shaped rock or glass that is used to make a mosaic |
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| Byzantine large enough o house the entire population. Known as Holy wisdom. Built for Justinnean. He never lived in it. |
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| A triangular shaped transition from circle to a square |
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| god said there is only one god he is the profit that wrote the teaches |
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| Shahada: profession of faith" There is no god but God, and Muhammad is His Prophet. 2 Salat (prayer 5 times a day: attend sermons twice on Friday. 3 Zakat (alams giving to the poor) 4 Saum (fasting during the month of Ramadan) 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca. |
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| The person that follows when the previous leader dies |
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| Believe new caliphs schould be elected |
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| City in Saudi Arabia and kick out of spain |
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| Calligraphy/floral/geometric |
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| Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in 784, just 152 years after death of Mohhamod |
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| Middle Kingdom Egypt 1800 BCE, Classical Greece 400 BCE, Early Roman Empire 50 CE, high Roman Empire 100, Early Christian 300, Early Byzantine 500, Islamic 600, Romansque 1000, Gothic 1400, Renaissance 1400, Broqu 1500 |
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| the beginning of Islamic religion |
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| The Islamic religion began in 610 CE when the Angel Gabriel appeared to Al-Amin (Muhammad) in a cave called Hira, in a mountain just north of Mecca, in Arabia, and took him in a night journey to heaven via Jerusalem, where God spoke to him. God’s words to him were later written down as the Koran c. 650 CE. |
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| a tower used to call the faithful to prayer. But the minaret at Samarra was too tall for this purpose. Instead, it signaled that the mosque as a safe haven, much like a lighthouse. |
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| caliph or “successor” of Muhammad. Disputes over who is the true caliph are at the heart of what separates Sunni, Shia and other Muslim sects. Sunni Muslims believe in electing their caliph; Shia Muslims believe that leadership should be passed down through genetic descendents of Muhammad. |
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| The mihrab houses the Koran |
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| mosque, Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) |
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| converted from a Christian church, which had been built between 536 and 547 CE. The city where it is located has had three names. Originally Byzantium, it was renamed Constantinople for the first Christian emperor Constantine; Constantinople was the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Christian religion for nearly a thousand years. After the city fell to the Muslims in 1453, the new Islamic rulers changed the city’s name to Istanbul. |
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Byzantine
Constantinople was formerly known as Byzantium and is now known as Istanbul Turkey |
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| What was the significance of the white cockle shell the pilgrims would wear |
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| The white cockle shell that these pilgrims, on the left, wear is a sign that they are pilgrims on their way home from visiting relics in Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain. |
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| A monastery is where monks live apart from the general community. |
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| St. Sernin was originally taken care of by a group of religious men known as monks. |
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| An abbey is a group of buildings occupied by a group of monks headed by an Abbott (an official of the church with a status lower than a bishop). |
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| gallery above the aisles overlooking the nave, where pilgrims could stand when the nave was full |
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| “Re-naissance” comes from a French word meaning “re-birth,” referring to the rebirth of the classical tradition from ancient Rome and Greece. |
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| What caused this change in the visual arts? |
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Definition
Religious change
Economic and political change
Artistic and Philosophical change |
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| 2 buiding styles in the 1800's |
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| Post-and-Beam before the Civil War, and Balloon-Frame after the Civil War |
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| type of building construction before the civil war |
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| Post-and-Beam Construction was used before the Civil War (1865) |
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| What type of construction took place after the civil war? |
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| Ballon Construction was used after the Civil War (1865) |
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| What invention transformed the way houses were built |
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| he invention of machines to produce nails from spools of wire in the 1850s significantly reduced the cost of nails and transformed the way that houses were built by the 1870s. Carpenters could easily carry the small boards that they needed, butt them together, and join them using nails. |
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| Greek Revival style homes resemble what greek buildings |
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| Many Greek Revival style homes resemble the Temple of Portunus and the Temple of Athena Nike. |
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| what is theThe key feature of the Greek Revival homes? |
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| The key feature of the Greek Revival is the broad, plain white frieze boards that run under the eaves. |
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Definition
Greek Revival houses usually have these features:
Pedimented gable
Symmetrical shape
Heavy cornice
Wide, plain frieze
Bold, simple moldings
Many Greek Revival houses also have these features:
Entry porch with columns
Decorative pilasters
Narrow windows around front door |
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Definition
olonial Revival houses have many of these features:
Symmetrical façade
Rectangular
2 to 3 stories
Brick or wood siding
Simple, classical detailing
Gable roof
Pillars and columns
Multi-pane, double-hung windows with shutters
Dormers
Temple-like entrance: porticos topped by pediment
Paneled doors with sidelights and topped with rectangular transoms or fanlights
Center entry-hall floor plan
Living areas on the first floor and bedrooms on the upper floors
Fireplaces |
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American Foursquare houses usually have these features:
Simple box shape
Two-and-a-half stories high
Four-room floor plan
Low-hipped roof with deep overhang
Large central dormer
Full-width porch with wide stairs
Brick, stone, stucco, concrete block, or wood siding |
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Definition
Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have many of these features:
Wood, stone, or stucco siding
Low-pitched roof
Wide eaves with triangular brackets
Exposed roof rafters
Porch with thick square or round columns
Stone porch supports
Exterior chimney made with stone
Open floor plans; few hallways
Numerous windows
Some windows with stained or leaded glass
Beamed ceilings
Dark wood wainscoting and moldings
Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating |
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The Richardson Romanesque style exhibited the architect's individualism through unusual sculpted shapes and massive use of heavy masonry walls, usually rough-faced squared stone. Decorative wall patterns were achieved utilizing colors or textures of stone.
Roof types varied, but the most common were hipped roofs with multi-gabled dormers, much like the asymmetrical shape of the Queen Anne style.
A typical Richardson Romanesque characteristic includes rounded arches over porch supports, entry ways, or windows. Most often these arches were set on squat columns or massive piers or sometimes built directly into the wall. Arches were enhanced by masonry voussoirs (wedge-shaped cut stone).
Another identifying feature includes one or two rounded, squared or polygonal shaped towers with conical roofs.
Window characteristics included deeply recessed one-over-one sash windows, arched windows flanked by decorative columns, and window groupings of three or more. |
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| Gambrel roofs are the distinctive feature of Dutch Revival buildings. They were originally found on 17th-century Dutch and English colonial homes. Now associated with barn roofs, these roofs have two separate slopes that create a profile that resembles the section of a bell. Barn like. |
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Classical Revival:
A Colonial Revival home can be transformed into a Classical Revival home
with these two additions:
Classical columns and
Palladian windows |
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